laundries. The communal idea was particularly expressed in the residential courtyards of 1920s "Red Vienna". The most famous of these was the Karl-Marx-Hof, a "proletarian residential palace" consisting of

from 1878 on, Bosnia-Herzegovina was a (remote) part of the Habsburg Empire, and the government in Vienna initiated the construction of further railway lines, new roads and bridges. Sarajevo saw the construction [...] this process was the carpet factory founded in Sarajevo by Philipp Haas in 1879. Haas commissioned a Vienna museum director to create designs, and women weavers in Bosnia wove them into carpets that were

to the pressure of Europe’s great powers, participated in the construction of the Orient Line from Vienna to Constantinople. Serbia thus received its first railway in 1884, linking Belgrade and Niš, the

began to design public buildings in an objective and functional manner. The Savings Bank Office in Vienna, built by Wagner between 1904 and 1912, has become a milestone in the history of architecture. Since [...] pavilions and restaurants. Illuminations and firework shows were also presented there. The "Prater" in Vienna developed in a similar fashion. It was originally an imperial wild game reservation, but in the mid-18th

monarch also ruled as King of Croatia, fell under the dominion of the Habsburgs. However, the rulers in Vienna used the Hungarian lands primarily as a source of agricultural products – and Croatia was among its

leather, wood and paper remained dominant. The government in Vienna determined where rail lines were built. The Southern Railway from Vienna to the Adriatic had priority, connecting Celje and Ljubljana

steamers to Constantinople (today Istanbul). Starting in 1888, the Orient Express offered services from Vienna via Belgrade and Sofia to Constantinople, incidentally linking Bulgaria’s two great urban centres

metals. In the mid-16th century, Hungary became part of the Habsburg Empire, and the monarchs in Vienna used their new domains mainly to supply food for the empire. Mountainous, poorly accessible Slovakia [...] The first railway line, from Bratislava to nearby Svätý Jur, opened in 1840 and soon extended to Vienna. Budapest was connected in 1850, and in 1872 trains were crossing the country from Košice in the [...] developed on the Danube. Thanks to its location on the river and its proximity to the metropolis of Vienna, Bratislava gradually developed into an urban centre with industrial operations. When Czechoslovakia

largest of these was "Congress Poland" with Warsaw as its capital, a construct that was created at the Vienna Congress of 1815 and subject to the Czar of Russia. As in many European nations, population growth [...] a major industrial centre. This was further driven by the railways that linked Warsaw first with Vienna and then with St Petersburg and Moscow. The most important factor, however, was that the industries

appearing in Britain in the mid-18th century, the course of Hungary’s economy was being decided in Vienna. The Habsburg rulers attempted to stimulate the economy of their realm using the widely prevalent

industrialisation was firmly established: new railways linked the centres of Bohemia and Moravia with Vienna, traffic on the Elbe River grew and exports to Austria, Germany and the less-industrialised neighbouring

investment. After the opening of the Danube bridge at Cernavodă in 1895, the Orient Express ran from Vienna via Bucharest to Constanţa on the Black Sea, from whence ships departed for Constantinople (today

and in Vienna – where the Rothschilds founded the merchant bank "Credit-Anstalt für Handel und Gewerbe" in 1855 – the manufacturing of rail cars and locomotives flourished in particular. The Vienna International [...] decisive role: starting in the mid-1850s, the Kaiser Ferdinand Northern Railroad provided services from Vienna to Prague via Brünn, with a branch to Galicia. The Südbahn, or "Southern Line", ran via Laibach to [...] first mountain railway, formed one section of this. The development of the polytechnic schools in Vienna and Prague into technical universities as early as 1815 proved to be a farsighted act. The indus

finally to Vienna. When he was 18 he ran away to the United States, where he spent two years working as a waiter, a musician, a language teacher and a canal boatman. When finally he returned to Vienna he studied [...] in the fields of art, architecture and music – he was particularly known for his support for the Vienna Secession movement. Among his eight children were the famous Cambridge philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein

in 1846 and from Vienna to Ödenburg in 1847. From 1841 to 1853 he was operations director of the Vienna to Gloggnitz railway. In 1856 he became director of the western line from Vienna, the Kaiserin El [...] of the steam-operated Vienna-Gloggnitz Railway, which opened in 1841. In the following years he constructed other locomotive railways, from Mödling to Laxenburg in 1845, from Vienna to Bruck an der Leitha [...] craftspeople; his father was a master painter-decorator. He studied at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna. He began work under his former tutor, the railway pioneer Franz Anton Ritter von Gerstner , on the

map surveyors in Bavaria. He helped to establish similar institutions in Berlin, Paris, London and Vienna. In 1819 Senefelder wrote his book ' Vollständiges Lehrbuch der Steindruckerey', which was published

traded in spices at Kraków. After his father died when he was 13 he studied commerce and banking in Vienna then at the age of 18 returned to Kraków to manage the family business. He sought new industrial [...] states to study industrial organisation and innovation. He was a joint promoter of the Warsaw to Vienna railway project begun in 1835. He also had interests in a cotton spinning factory, a sugar factory

Thornton built the first water-powered cotton factories in Austria – at Hernals and Pottendorf near Vienna. Investment came from the 'Leih und Wechsel Bank' created by Prince Joseph II Schwarzenberg. From

son of a railway engine driver, and educated in the same city. After several jobs, including one in Vienna, where he failed to settle, he set up an iron foundry with August Ritter in 1871. His partner proved

From 1835 he promoted a railway line from Warsaw which opened in 1844 and in 1848 was connected to Vienna. However, his career in investment came to an end suddenly in 1842 when he was accused of misusing