history that spans several centuries. Nogent once delivered luxury goods to wealthy customers in Paris, the museum in St.-Jean-de-Maurienne in the French Jura, set up in a former plant of the Opinel family

precursor of the huge department stores was "Les Halles", the huge and legendary market halls in Paris which were built in the middle of the 19th century. The town planner, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, who [...] were sold in so-called passages. These were lines of shops in a glass-covered gallery, at first in Paris and London and later in Brussels, Berlin and other major cities. Around the turn of the 20th century [...] in France, from around the middle of the 19th century, were the large permanent circus halls. In Paris the "Cirque d’Hiver" was built right on the Champs Elysées, and the "Cirque Napoléon" was constructed

same time he dammed up the muddy banks of the Thames to create new land for supply pipelines. In Paris the urban planner Georges Haussmann, who had started to radically redesign the inner city in a re

transported from the region around Mons through a newly built canal to Condé in northern France and on to Paris. In Ghent, the spindles were whirring on the first cotton spinning machine: the entrepreneur Lievens

until the 1850s that the entire country was opened up with a network of lines radiating out from Paris, plus cross connections between Bordeaux and Lyon, for example, or Calais and Basel. Now industrialisation [...] mechanised and factory-based production began. The service sector also flourished: Bon Marché"opened in Paris the first of its chain of world-famous department stores. The brothers Émile and Isaac Pereire, bitter [...] industrial car production had also started in France. Panhard and Lévassor started building cars in Paris in 1886. Three years later, Renault opened its doors in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt, Peugeot followed

however, is the iron tower built by the engineer Gustave Eiffel in 1889 for the World's Fair in Paris. Engineers gained increasing influence in the building industry alongside architects, who as well

sixfold between 1711 and 1831. In London, it increased by about 130% between 1800 and 1850, and in Paris - where industrialisation began later - it doubled. Nowhere was prepared for the onslaught, and slums

Gebrüder Gessert, manufacturers of paint, varnish and other chemicals. He represented the company at the Paris Exhibition in 1873, and rose to the post of chief clerk. In 1874 he became a partner in the chemical

c institute for map surveyors in Bavaria. He helped to establish similar institutions in Berlin, Paris, London and Vienna. In 1819 Senefelder wrote his book ' Vollständiges Lehrbuch der Steindruckerey'

Stockach and Engen and 1700-km away at Bucharest in Romania. At the Exposition Universelle of 1900 in Paris, Schiesser was awarded the Grand Prix for Innovation for its patented special products, including

was developed and put into production by the Fourdrinier brothers in England. Robert was born in Paris. He joined the army in 1780 and rose to the rank of sergeant-major, fighting in the Caribbean against [...] American War of Independence. In 1791 he became clerk at the Didot printing and publishing house in Paris. When he moved as a manager to the Didot paper factory, south of the city at Corbeil-Essonnes, he

interval of peace that followed the treaty of Amiens in 1802 he visited Frankfurt, Strasburg and Paris. Watt also developed a copying process in 1781. Copies were kept of engine drawings and of the outgoing

which the site at Ardeer was acquired in 1871, in the United States in 1866, at Sevran 16 km NE of Paris, in 1870, and in Switzerland and Italy. Nobel’s factories did much to foster the growth of chemical

focused on the opportunities to create export markets. His olive oil won medals in Barcelona and Paris. He built processing factories and warehouses on a new scale in several locations: four at Córdoba

hot-air balloon and the hydraulic ram. Séguin and his brothers studied science and technology in Paris with their uncle Joseph Montgolfier at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers. On returning [...] 1830 and the rest in 1833. Séguin proceeded in 1837 to design and construct the Invalides railway at Paris. He retired to concentrate on family life and his scientific interests.

when de Wendel was 16. His mother managed the company while he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris and went to Britain to study mining and metallurgy. He returned to France in 1834. He shared control

absorbed by Germany following the Franco-Prussian War. He was educated at the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris and Oxford University in England, where he read Greek, physics and chemistry. After military service [...] his invention of meters for taxis. Then, in 1905, he established the first motorised cab company in Paris, the Société des Fiacres Automobiles, ordering 250 matching red cars from Renault. By 1911 it had

the Lyon Méditerranée railway company. In 1857, this amalgamated with the Paris-Lyon line to form the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée. Talabot was Director General from 1862 for 20 [...] his father was a lawyer and president of the civil court. He studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris from 1819 and in 1821 began his career constructing canals at Brest in Brittany with the Corps des

Wilhelm Hegel. In 1844 he went to Paris where he began a lifelong friendship with Friedrich Engels. The two were forced to move to Brussels in 1845, but Marx returned to Paris in 1848 where he witness the

gaming and horse-racing, but during his Grand Tour in 1753-55 he diverted from the usual routes from Paris towards Italy to visit the Canal du Midi in Languedoc, and was impressed by it. He gave up London