industrial districts were in the middle of the 19th century: the mining of coal and a small copper smelter near Karaganda, and coal mining in Ekibastuz. In 1899, a Russian company drilled the first oil well [...] of the largest energy producers in the socialist federation: More coal mines were built, especially the huge open-cast coal mine in Ekibastuz, natural gas production was expanded, and oil wells sprang

strengthening his empire militarily. Shipyards and factories were established in St. Petersburg and the mining of copper and iron ores in the Ural Mountains, which were smelted using charcoal produced in local [...] result in economic growth because the peasants remained dependent on the noble landowners, and in the mines of the Urals, which were worked by serfs, iron production even declined. However, the expanding rail [...] “New Economic Policy” in favour of one of uncompromising industrialisation. Steelmaking and coal mining – in the formerly soviet Ukraine and in Siberia – quadrupled. In the southern Urals, Magnitogorsk

Casting Museum / Lauchhammer Biotowers. Lauchhammer (D) Blegny Mine. Blegny (B) Bursledon Brickworks Industrial Museum. Southampton (GB) Coal Mining Museum. Zabrze (PL) Culture Brewery. Berlin (D) Die Fabrik [...] e Steelworks LWL Industrial Museum. Hattingen (D) Historic Silver Mine World Heritage Site. Tarnowskie Góry (PL) Ignacy Historic Mine. Rybnik (PL) Knappenrode Energy Factory. Hoyerswerda (D) Königshain [...] Nord. Narvik (N) National Railway Museum. Entroncamento (P) Nikiszowiec Settlement. Katowice (PL) Old Mine Science and Art Centre. Wałbrzych (PL) Puerto de Sagunto. Sagunto (E) 'Rafinăria la prezent' initiative

Fleece recalls the history of gold mining on the Black Sea. Georgia’s Bagratid Dynasty, which briefly reigned over the country as kings, systematically expanded mining in the 18 th century. The Russian [...] of Russia and the German steel group Krupp invested in mining the rich manganese deposits in the gorge of the Kvirila River. This spawned the mining town of Chiatura. Silk production developed from an a [...] start of the 19th century, intensified trade, imported the sought-after Georgian raw silk and began mining hard coal in Tkibuli. Then, Europe’s insatiable thirst for energy triggered a massive rush of development

powers. The most important raw material is copper, which was already mined in prehistoric times. At the end of the 18th century, mining began on a larger scale, especially in the towns of Kapan and Alaverdi [...] Alexandropol). Thanks to the new transport connection, investors – mostly French - expanded copper mining in nearby Alaverdi. During the construction of further lines in the following years, Yerevan was [...] was connected. Slowly, a working class formed and the first signs of urbanisation appeared in the mining centres. During the First World War and the following turmoil, the still agrarian, backward country

bases on its banks. In this era, underground limestone mining began in the hills around Cricova near the capital Chişinău. Today, the caverns which mining created serve as a warehouse for wine merchants and

industry: the government intensified the mining of the large lignite deposits, and the electricity generated from it was exported on a large scale. The Trepça mining combine was expanded and the extraction [...] ground. The smallest state in the Balkans has therefore also been the poorest for a long time. Ore mining began in prehistory and was intensified under Roman rule. In the Middle Ages, Kosovo developed into [...] into the flourishing centre of the kingdom of the Serbian Nemanjids. The successful silver and lead mines in Janjevë and especially in Novobërdë even attracted miners from Saxony. The present-day capital

on Cutlery Housing Industrial Architecture Industry and War Iron and Steel Industrial Landscapes Mining Paper Production and Manufacturing Salt Service and Leisure Industry Textiles Transport Water The

Open Air Museum of Mining Equipment. Kryvyi Rih (UA) Prince's Arsenal. Kragujevac (SRB) Queen Louise Adit. Zabrze (PL) Railway Museum of Silesia. Jaworzyna Śląska (PL) Samuño Valley Mining Ecomuseum. Langreo [...] Bursledon Brick Works Industrial Museum. Southampton (GB) Centrum Kultury Śląskiej at former 'Polska' Mine. Świętochłowice (PL) Culture Brewery. Berlin (D) El Pobal Ironworks. Muskiz (E) Fröndenberg Culture [...] Century. Bochum (D) Henrichshütte Steelworks LWL Industrial Museum. Hattingen (D) Historic Silver Mine World Heritage Site. Tarnowskie Góry (PL) Königshain Granit Quarrying Museum. Königshain (D) La Encartada

Starting in the 17th century, this was augmented by a handful of forges that smelted the locally mined iron ore. The charcoal-fired Catalan forge was long considered particularly efficient, and was in [...] literary figure. The Rossel Forge, which opened in the 1840s and closed in 1876 when the Andorran iron mines ceased production , is today a museum. The Areny family has also been active in the iron business

Islamic architecture. Austrian entrepreneurs invested mainly in heavy industry and mining. They modernised the iron ore mine in Prijedor, today operated by steel conglomerate Arcelor-Mittal, and opened the [...] scratch in Lukavac, and the expansion of the iron works doubled the population of Zenica. Bauxite mining began in the eastern part of the country in 1959, which gave rise to a significant aluminium industry

and the central government embarked on a programme of heavy industry expansion on the Soviet model. Mining of bauxite, the country’s most important raw material, began near Nikšić in 1948. As bauxite is the [...] Montenegro’s largest industrial plant. Lead and zinc ore deposits were exploited, and lignite coal was mined. As economic policy primarily promoted the exploitation of mineral resources, light industry grew

industrialisation on the Soviet model: mining of lead and zinc ores began in Zletovo as early as 1947; iron-working commenced in Tetovo in 1952, and a copper mine in Radoviš opened soon after. A hydroelectric [...] The railway network was expanded with some smaller lines and British and German investors began mining chromite, but the lack of capital, qualified labour and a transportation infrastructure prevented

Museum. Solingen (D) Historic Silver Mine WHS. Tarnowskie Góry (PL) Historic Silver Mine WHS. Tarnowskie Góry (PL) Ignacy Historic Mine. Rybnik (PL) Ignacy Historic Mine. Rybnik (PL) Knappenrode Energy Factory [...] (PL) 'Old Mine' Science and Art Centre. Wałbrzych (PL) Pilsner Urquell Brewery. Pilsen (CZ) Pilsner Urquell Brewery. Pilsen (CZ) 'Polska' Mine Hoist Towers. Świętochłowice (PL) 'Polska' Mine Hoist Towers [...] (PL) Old Mine Science and Art Centre. Wałbrzych (PL) Pilner Urquell Brewery. Pilsen (CZ) 'Polska' Mine Hoist Towers. Świętochłowice (PL) Port Sunlight Village. Port Sunlight (GB) 'South Mining and Processing

potential, yet has remained one of Europe’s poorest regions for thousands of years. Bitumen was mined in Selenica even in ancient times, when it was valued primarily as a sealant. The port of Durrës was [...] At the beginning of the 1930s, around three quarters of Albania’s children were still illiterate. Mining of coal, copper and chromite ore gradually commenced, driven mostly by Italian companies. The state’s

event "WORK it OUT“ ... following the movies of all participating sites: Blegny Mine Word Heritage Site. Blegny (B) Coal Mining Museum. Zabrze (PL) Fagus Factory World Heritage Site. Alfeld/Leine (D) Flame [...] Fröndenberg (D) Hansa Coking Plant. Dortmund (D) Historic Silver Mine World Heritage Site. Tarnowskie Góry (PL) Ignacy Historic Mine. Rybnik (PL) Knappenrode Energy Factory. Hoyerswerda (D) Krenzer Hammer [...] Technology. Oslo (N) Old Mine Science and Art Centre. Wałbrzych (PL) Pfau Brothers Textile Factory. Crimmitschau (D) Pilsner Urquell Brewery Museum. Plzen (CZ) Riotinto Mining Park. Minas de Riotinto (E)

Beringen (B) be Mine Flamish Mining Museum Berlin (D). German Technical Museum Birmingham (GB). Museum of the Jewellery Quarter Blaenavon (GB). Iron Work World Heritage Site Blegny (B). Blegny Mine WHS Bocholt [...] (GB). National Coal Mining Museum for England Walbrzych (PL). Old Mine Scíence and Art Centre Waltrop (D). Old Henrichenburg Ship Lift LWL Industrial Museum Waltrop (D). Waltrop Mine Wenden (D). Wenden [...] Masson Mills Museum Dortmund (D). Hansa Coking Plant Dortmund (D). Zollern Mine LWL Industrial Museum Dortmund (D). Zollern Mine LWL Industrial Museum Dresden (D). Museum of Transport Duisburg (D). North

and shortly before World War I the American Cyprus Mining Company reopened the ancient copper mine at Skouriotissa. The Hellenic Mining Company mined gold and silver ore for ten years near Mitseros in [...] the north-western mining region in 1905. Steamship companies and factories for agricultural products such as olive oil, wine and tobacco were founded. Mining was revived, initially mining of pyrite, in demand [...] Copper mining on Cyprus reached a large, quasi-industrial scale around 2300 BCE: the Cypriots exploited the seemingly inexhaustible deposits in the Troodos mountains in underground and open-cast mines and

are missing at the end of mining activities, huge holes remain in the landscape which are gradually filled up with pumped off groundwater. Since the end of brown coal mining in East Germany people there [...] only around the end of the 19th century, with the second wave of industrialisation, that exposed mining tips and soot-ridden workshops, endless terraces of cheap grey housing and networks of railway lines [...] to collieries and the piled up tips of old pit waste, ruins of industrial buildings and opencast mining – the traces of generations of workers who have left their mark on the landscape. Reports by contemporary

included the mine in Senjski Rudnik on the southern slopes of the Carpathian mountains where Serbian mining traditions extended far back into prehistory, and where lignite coal had been mined since 1853 [...] Serbia World Atlas: What are the biggest industries in Serbia The History of Serbian Mining (pdf) Bor. Copper Mine Serbia was part of the 'Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia', which disintegrated [...] Bosnia through the rugged Sargan Mountains, begun before the War, was finally completed, and copper mining in Bor and cotton processing flourished. However, industry was unable to absorb the thousands of