after he went as an observer to the American Civil War. In Minnesota he met the German-born balloonist John Steiner and made an aerial ascent in a tethered hot-air balloon. Having taking part in the Austro-Prussian

John Oliver York was a British civil and mechanical engineer who undertook construction projects in several western European countries. He was born at Birmingham in 1811 and studied in the office of a

Wilkinson (1695-1784) and the younger brother of John Wilkinson (1728-1808) the most prominent ironmaster of the British Industrial Revolution. Both William and John Wilkinson grew up in Cumbria, where their [...] became evident that John Wilkinson had built many ‘pirate’ steam engines that infringed the patents of James Watt. The case went to Chancery and then to King’s Bench, and eventually John Wilkinson bought [...] The family moved in 1749 to the blast furnace at Bersham in North Wales, although from the mid-1750s John Wilkinson was principally concerned with new ironworks in Shropshire and Staffordshire. After disputes

Sweden and Russia. In the 1790s it became evident that other engine builders, notably the ironmaster John Wilkinson, had infringed the Watt patents by building ‘pirate’ engines. Watt developed elements of

Glasgow and was apprenticed to his uncle, the civil engineer Ralph Walker (1741-1824). He worked with John Rennie (1761-1821) on the construction of the West India Docks in London. From 1803 he took responsibility

many years of neglect. He was assisted by his son, Pieter (1735-1786), newly qualified in law, and by John Siegler, who had worked for 15 years at the arsenal at Douai. Verbruggen was responsible to General [...] American War of Independence. The technology that Verbruggen employed was surrounded in secrecy, but John Wilkinson (1728-1808), the leading British ironmaster of the time, and a manufacturer of cannon, gained

state railways was built in the gardens behind St. Peter's Basilica. The first pope to use it was John-Paul XXIII in 1962. In the meantime, tourist excursions to the papal summer palace in Castel Gandolfo

the engine of industrialisation. The beginning of this was the “flying weaver’s shuttle” invented by John Kay in 1733. This meant that weavers no longer pulled through the warp threads by hand, but shot them

region was the city of Donezk, which developed from an ironworks belonging to the Welsh industrialist John Hughes and was thus originally called Yuzovka. The capital for this boom came mainly from abroad,

migrated to Sweden from Germany. While in his twenties he visited London and attended lectures by John Theophilus Desaguliers (1683-1744), experimental assistant to Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1726-27) who

the present Euston station. Trevithick’s high-pressure steam engines were built at the foundry of John Hazledine at Bridgnorth, and one of them is displayed in the Science Museum, London. Trevithick’s

turn of the century. Further improvements soon made driving more comfortable. In 1888 an Irish vet, John Boyd Dunlop, invented rubber tyres (at first for bicycles); in 1902 the German company Robert Bosch

John Thornton is an important example of the many individuals who enabled the diffusion of technologies during the Industrial Revolution by taking their skills and knowledge to another country. He worked

they simply twisted thin silk thread into strong yarn. One of the forerunners of mechanisation was John Kay’s flying shuttle which he invented in 1733. This speeded up weaving considerably as the weavers [...] hand, before stretching and twisting them. In the 1730s two inventors by the name of Lewis Paul and John Wyatt developed a machine with two sets of differential rollers which were able to draw out the strands

when techniques were developed to make chlorine as a biproduct in the Leblanc process. Tennant’s son John led Charles Tennant and Company for the next 40 years and it continues today.

John Marshall (1765-1845) was the pioneer of the flax industry in the Industrial Revolution period, and Temple Mill in Leeds is his most impressive memorial. After entering his father’s modest linen business [...] in Leeds he acquired a taste for entrepreneurship, developing flax spinning technology patented by John Kendrew and Thomas Porthouse, at first at a small mill at Adel, north of Leeds, and then at a new

Blücher , in 1814 for Killingworth colliery. This improved on the earlier work of Richard Trevithick and John Blenkinsop to make a more reliable locomotive. In 1815, he invented a safety lamp for use in mines

(originally John James, 1747–1826). Stephens was born in Cornwall, England, where his father was a schoolteacher. At the age of around 15, after his parents died, he went to work with his uncle, John Stephens [...] south of Lisbon in 1719 and was relocated to Marinha Grande in around 1747 by the Irish glass-maker John Beare to use local supplies of sand and charcoal. Stephens expanded the works with finance from Pombal

Russia and the United States. The process was introduced to Great Britain in 1874 at Northwich by John Brunner (1842-1919) and Ludwig Mond (1839-1919). The Solvay process superseded the method of making

He brought equipment, a locomotive and expert workers from Britain, including the factory manager John Haswell. At the same time he directed construction of the steam-operated Vienna-Gloggnitz Railway