environment exceed those from the industrial revolution era. This sets new goals and tasks in terms of communication and interpretation for all those dealing with the industrial heritage. At the same time, [...] combine both of these heritages. The European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) is co-created by post-industrial sites from 28 European countries. The route includes over 2,300 sites, and the association [...] so-called “Anchor Points”. These are milestones of European industrial heritage, sites of particular historical significance for the industrial revolution, while offering visitors high-quality experiences. Among

prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution, as the necessary labour force was now available. However, far too many people sought work in the burgeoning industrial cities, as mechanisation put millions of artisans [...] ON THE DARK SIDES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: WORKERS' MISERY AND LABOUR MOVEMENT Listen In the second half of the 18th century, Great Britain experienced strong population growth - one of the prerequisites [...] their farms became unprofitable after being freed from manorial labour. In Manchester, the first industrial city, the population increased sixfold between 1711 and 1831. In London, it increased by about

ON THE DARK SIDES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: DESTRUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Listen With the industrial revolution, humans have set in motion an ongoing, seemingly unstoppable process of ecological [...] environmental damage caused by the large-scale proto-industrial operations of the Romans in ancient times: ore smelters, glassworks, potteries and industrial bakeries not only consumed vast quantities of firewood [...] pollution was largely accepted as an inevitable side effect of the industrial boom. From about the middle of the 18th century, the chemical industry also played its part in the increasing destruction of the e

the new industrial cities. Towards the end of the century, demand diversified as the electrical engineering, chemical and mechanical engineering sectors expanded in the "Second Industrial Revolution": copper [...] ON THE DARK SIDES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: SLAVERY AND COLONIALIMS Listen For some 75 years, historians have argued about the role that slavery and colonialism played in industrialisation. The key [...] appreciation in the course of debates on post-colonialism. At least for the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England, concrete connections have now been proven: English traders trafficked some 2.5

glassmakers mastered both the French and Industrial Revolutions by specialising in the luxury product of lead crystal, and witness England as a pioneer of early industrial mass production. Some of the museums [...] quantities of firewood for the furnaces - a precondition particularly fulfilled by Scandinavian countries. In Germany, glassmakers originally settled in low mountain woodlands: the Thuringian, Black and [...] dirty. Despite all the differences, the featured sites have one thing in common: they illustrate an industry that was once dominated by highly specialised craftspeople, and bring their art back to life with

British Industrial Revolution, particularly in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, iron production and the invention of the steam engine. He helped to establish central Scotland as a heavy industrial region [...] several years of successful operation, the lead chamber process became known and taken up in other countries but Roebuck did not benefit as he had not taken out a patent. It continued to be used for two centuries [...] confidently applied new methods on a large scale. It was fuelled by coal when almost all of the iron industry still relied on charcoal and it was unique in being built with multiple blast furnaces from the

during the Industrial Revolution by taking their skills and knowledge to another country. He worked in the cotton industry in Britain and then helped to establish mechanised textile industries in two regions [...] other manufacturers. At this time, Britain banned the export of machinery from the country’s innovative textile industries and the emigration of skilled workers, but entrepreneurs in Europe and America were [...] Hamburg by an entrepreneur and agent for the Habsburg crown, Karl Glave-Kobielski, who was also an industrial spy in England. As a result, Thornton built the first water-powered cotton factories in Austria

and convenient electric motors for industrial use. This began a revolution in mechanical power, in which designs were continuously improved and developed in many countries. Tesla developed small electric [...] generation, remembered for his contributions to electrical power – the basis for the second industrial revolution. Among his multiple discoveries and inventions were the rotating magnetic field, multiphase [...] Museums in Serbia and Croatia celebrate Tesla’s legacy and there are monuments to him in many countries. Since his death the Tesla unit of measurement and the Tesla motor company have been named in tribute

ON THE INDUSTRIALISATION OF AGRICULTURE Listen The Industrial Revolution was preceded by the first steps in a long-term 'agricultural revolution' that began in Britain in the 18th century and continued [...] widely discussed at the time. Related Links Encyclopedia.com: The Industrialization of Agriculture John Hopkins Center: Industrialization of Agriculture Farming and Agricultural Industrialisation (Martin [...] for livestock: Turnips for winter, clover for summer grazing. Increasing yields not only fed the country's growing population, but also created surpluses that were used to fuel industrialisation. The road

large-scale industrial processes undertaken by landowners and capital investors, which reshaped the agricultural landscape into an industrial centre for slate production during the Industrial Revolution (1780-1914) [...] and mines, archaeological sites related to slate industrial processing, historical settlements, both living and relict, historic gardens and grand country houses, ports, harbours and quays, and railway and [...] studies covering the wider extent of the slate quarrying industry and refined by consultation with historians and re-checked in the field by industrial archaeological specialists. The focus has centred on

more than 2,000 industrial monuments and museums in all European countries is proof of the lasting impact of 200 years of Industrial Revolution. Accordingly, the development of industrial society and the [...] the resulting industrial culture are a fundamental part of Europe's self-perception. Towards the end of the 20th century, this resulted in a growing interest in industrial heritage and its significance for [...] whether industrial culture, with its cross-border implications and identity-determining influences, can continue to contribute to common strength and cooperation in Europe. Will the industrial society

Iron foundries and engineering works were essential to equip new industries in the industrial revolution. In Denmark, Søren Frich was an engineer who created an important iron foundry and engineering works [...] Britain. When he returned to Denmark in 1853 he saw an opportunity to improve iron casting in the country and he decided to set up his own foundry. With money from his father, he opened the foundry at Aarhus [...] mills, breweries, soap manufacturing and dairies. In 1885, Frich sold his business and retired to a country estate. He died in 1901. The company continued to develop after him. With 400 workers it was the

Steam power was one of the critical innovations of the industrial revolution, allowing mechanical power to be concentrated wherever it was needed. The evolution of the technology relied on many inventors [...] engines for the salt works on the Baltic sea in 1806. Williams trained many people in German-speaking countries to build and operate engines. He married in Saxony and his son Franz Carl Richards continued his

Bauwens was an entrepreneur and industrial spy who spread new cotton manufacturing technologies from England to Belgium and France at a key point in the early Industrial Revolution. He was born in Ghent, where [...] a leading European centre of the cotton industry: it became known as ‘the Manchester of Belgium’. Bauwens had broken the British monopoly of the cotton industry. For achieving this while Britain was at [...] tannery on modern principles. While he was in England Bauwens also saw the great success of the cotton industry. At the age of 27 he opened his first cotton factory, which was at Passy near Paris. Very soon

oil pipelines have criss-crossed the country for over a hundred years. Georgia’s natural resources were exploited early on. Some researchers identify the country as among the first pre-historic cultures [...] Bagratid Dynasty, which briefly reigned over the country as kings, systematically expanded mining in the 18 th century. The Russian Czars annexed the country to their empire at the start of the 19th century [...] the industries and played an important role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Georgia declared independence after the First World War, which left massive devastation in its wake, and the 1918 revolution;, but

in order to market their milk products – in this case their famous cheese. Long before the industrial revolution, Great Britain also profited from the experiences of the Dutch. Soon after the first polder [...] The largest of the three plants later became the world's first official industrial monument. At the time the overpopulated industrial towns had another completely different problem with water. Hundreds of [...] ON THE HISTORY OF WATER MANAGEMENT Listen No European country has as close a relationship to water than the Netherlands. For this reason water construction technology developed here first. At the start

ON THE HISTORY OF TRANSPORT Listen During the early years of the Industrial Revolution there was a radical change in transportation. The arrival of pounding steamships and steam locomotives gave a huge [...] 72 km an hour. Motorcar production had already become an important manufacturing branch in industrial countries when Henry Ford conquered the mass market. He deliberately set out to build a cheap everyday [...] transporting goods. In 1761, the Bridgewater canal was completed in one of the birthplaces of the industrial age, the British textile area Lancashire; from then on, the route supplied the booming city of

Related Links WIKIPEDIA: Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution Textile History - Invention of Textile The Heritage of the Textile Industry. Thematic Study for TICCIH Sites of the Theme Route [...] their rows of spinning frames and thousands of rattling bobbins heralded the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But these mills also had a darker side to their story as most of the cotton came from plantations [...] the long road to power looms. The mechanisation of the textile industry began with spinning. The striking lack of yarn in the wool industry, one of the most important sectors of the British economy, led

engine is regarded as the mother of industrial cities, which now began to shoot out of the ground. Steam power began its triumphal march in the booming textile industry, before moving over to coal mines [...] t or DEG), which later became AEG. Edison’s greatest competitor was gaslight because every industrial country already possessed a gas-supply network. Gas was produced by coal and first used for lighting [...] For this reason the region around Zaandam is widely recognized as being one of Europe's earliest industrial areas. Around the middle of the 18th century people a small wind wheel began to be added to the

of mortars from antiquity to the present day, with particular emphasis on the Industrial Revolution in the Basque country and the first cement factories in the region. The development of Portland Cement [...] explained, and visitors have access through digital technology to an array of data relating to the industry. One section details the history of the Rezola company and its workers, and another analyses the