old mining plants or tunnels, tens of thousands of forced workers and prisoners from concentration camps met their death. In the UK, some airplane plants were moved below ground, too, but because of the

to independent investigations. The first camp for forced labourers was established in the Soviet Union in 1919, and by 1930 a network of more than 200 labour camps had been set up in the north of the USSR [...] different scale: more than 13 million civilians, prisoners of war from West and East, and concentration camp inmates were forced to work in German industry and agriculture. In August 1944, the civilian labour [...] first they were housed in dance halls or gymnasiums, but increasingly in quickly erected barrack camps. The food was wretched. Western European civilians were allowed to earn extra money for food, while

Links: WIKIPEDIA: Extermination camp The Holocast explained: Extermination camps Unesco World Heritage List: Auschwitz Birkenau. German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940-1945) Auschwitz Birkenau [...] find a more effective method than shooting. Rudolf Höss, commander of the Auschwitz concentration camp, later recalled that Adolf Eichmann, the "manager of the genocide", told him in the summer of 1941 [...] on a conveyor belt that ended in the crematoria. Between January 1942 and November 1944, when the camp was at full capacity, approximately 1.1 million people died in Birkenau. The railway connection, which

Nordhausen in the Harz mountains. At all research and production facilities prisoners from concentration camps were forced to work under inhumane working and living conditions, tens of thousands of them met their

decline. The company closed in 1939. The last director, Emile Godchaux, was sent to a Nazi concentration camp and died in 1942.

of war. Whoever violates the strict rules of his rigid ‘work discipline’ is transferred to a prison camp run by the company itself. Two times, 1919 and 1949, France takes the initiative to have him sentenced

was hostile to those who had fought in the West, and returned to Britain, at first to a resettlement camp in Scotland and then, in May 1946, to the Oakdale Training Centre at Blackwood in South Wales, where

Karl Flanner suffered more than five years as a slave labourer and as a prisoner in concentration camps, but, unlike many of his fellow workers and prisoners, he survived, and went on to establish a reputation [...] at one time weighed only 45 kilos. After about four years he was transferred to the concentration camp at Dachau and then to that at Buchenwald, where he was one of the prisoners who seized power from

region in the last stages of the war and were then abandoned. A visit to the former concentration camp at Theresienstadt (now in the Czech Republic) in 1959 convinced him that he should develop his collection

member from their respective native region - visited in the run-up to the Summer School. Follow-up BarCamp-style workshops will approach solutions to existing challenges and explore ideas for potential projects

concentration camp at Gusen was a place of forced-labour for armaments production and stone-quarrying under the Third Reich. It was one of many sub-camps of the Mauthausen concentration camp. A special company [...] brought from other concentration camps to work. The camp was bombed during the war and afterwards much of it was built over. The visitor centre shows documentation of the camp, including photographs, drawings [...] company was set up in 1938, Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke (DESt) to use the labour of the camps. The first industry at Gusen was the quarrying of granite for building stone. During the Second World War

for forests and cities", "Industrial landmark Peter Behrens Building", "Adler Works: concentration camp - factory - historical site", "Frankfurt Main Cemetery - Walking in the footsteps of famous figures

labour at several locations and drew on special sub-camps of the Buchenwald concentration camp. In 1944, the biggest of the Buchenwald women’s sub-camps was built at Kamenzer Straße 10-12, next to the main [...] The memorial shows a permanent exhibition about Nazi forced labour and biographies of concentration-camp prisoners made to work at the company.

Zhytomyr and studied aeronautical engineering at Kyiv and Moscow. He was sent to Stalinist labour camps before being released to work on ballistic missiles for the Red Army. His childhood home was relocated

concentration camp, which supplied labour for an oil-shale mine at the end of the Second World War, functioned between August 1944 and April 1945. It was a satellite of Natzweiler concentration camp. Prisoners [...] in local and national history was seldom presented. It explores camp life, work and the interdependencies between the village and the camp. Photographs and objects accompany the exhibition, including a [...] the exhibition that takes visitors to sites related to the mine and camp. A cemetery commemorating unnamed victims of the Bisingen camp is nearby.

cellulose nitrate that was used as a raw material at Kraiburg. When the war ended the Pürten refugee camp was set up in the buildings of the explosives factory and took in large numbers of displaced persons [...] unusual history. Within it are four museums. The town museum shows how refugees moved to the Pürten camp and found ways of making their livings in the Bavarian forests. The glass museum reflects the traditions

built at Allendorf and Herrenwald from 1938 that used up to 20,000 forced labour from a concentration camp. The plants were spread around 650 concrete buildings on a total area of 1,000 hectares. They produced

of the site since the end of the Second World War: as an industrial area, a NATO supply camp and a holiday camp. It also shows material related to the peace movement that protested against NATO’s nuclear [...] the 1980s. In 2013, the museum opened to the public a nearby bunker built in 1981 at the NATO supply camp.

monumental new airport in 1936 – a project that was stopped by the Second World War. Instead, a shanty camp for forced labourers deported from occupied countries was built on the edge of the airfield. The Soviet

was a concentration camp on the north-west edge of the city of Nordhausen in Thuringia, established in 1943 on a site used previously for a subterranean fuel depot. It was a sub-camp of Buchenwald and the [...] network of nearly 40 camps in the Harz Mountains. Extensive underground chambers, excavated by forced labour, were used for the assembly of V2 rockets. Of the 60,000 people admitted to the camp in 1943-45, a [...] 1944-45 16,000 people arrived from the Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen camps, and subsequently many prisoners were forced to leave the Mittelbau camps during April and the first week of May in 1945. The remaining