enterprises in diverse industries across four decades through his leadership of the investment bank Privatbanken. Tietgen was born in Odense where his father was a cabinet maker. After schooling locally he [...] by private banks when he returned home five years later. He began working as a wholesaler in Copenhagen in 1855 but then in 1857 was appointed as a director of the newly created Privatbanken. Within a few [...] In the second half of the 19th century, Tietgen was one of the most influential bankers in Denmark and contributed significantly to the country’s industrial development. He founded or supported an ext

founded the private Enskilda bank in Stockholm. In the following years he took partnerships in other enterprises, including the Atlas engineering works, railway companies and the bank Skandinaviska Kreditak [...] of parliament and newspaper owner. André’s son Knut Agathon Wallenberg (1853-1938) led the Enskilda bank after his father’s death. He was also a politician and Swedish foreign minister during the First World [...] was Markus Laurentius Wallenberg (1864-1943) , who trained in law and joined the executive of the bank in 1892, then took over as chief executive when Knut retired in 1911. Markus was involved with the

Quarry Bank Mill and Styal Estate with Styal Village is the most complete and least altered factory colony of the Industrial Revolution. It is of outstanding national and international importance. Founded [...] Founded in 1784 by a young textile merchant Samuel Greg, Quarry Bank Mill was one of the first generation of waterpowered cotton spinning mills. Styal was chosen for a number of reasons, not least because [...] of the largest cotton manufacturing businesses in Britain with four other mills as well as Quarry Bank. The site has four unique features: 1. Its Original Buildings The Mill is one of the finest and most

businesses. Its success led him to cofound the Kharkov Trade Bank (which became the third largest trade bank in the Empire) and the Kharkov Land Bank. Altschewskyj saw opportunities for economic development [...] Oleksij Altschewskyj was a Ukrainian banker and industrialist who created companies that developed large-scale coal mines, railways and steelworks in the Donbas basin in the late 19th century, making it [...] merchant and in 1862 he moved to Kharkiv. In 1866, he founded one of the first private commercial banks in the Russian Empire, the Kharkiv Mutual Credit Society, which was unusual in making short-term loans

his father and brothers. He was a founding director of the national bank of Poland in 1829 and its vice-president in 1832. The bank took a strategic role in industrial policy and directly controlled investment [...] industrial enterprises from the 1820s to the 1840s, especially through his work with the national bank of Poland. Łubieński came from a wealthy landowning family. He was born in Prague and studied law [...] ironworks. He also established foundries to make scythes and agricultural machinery. For the national bank Łubieński initiated the establishment of the ironworks in Dąbrowa Górnicza near Katowice, commissioned

the Quarry Bank factory. They moved to Manchester, where they joined intellectual circles associated with the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. In 1800, they built Quarry Bank House next to [...] Hannah Greg (née Lightbody) and her husband Samuel Greg were the owners of Quarry Bank Mill at Styal near Manchester in north-west England. The water-powered cotton-spinning factory was built by Samuel [...] The Gregs business became one of the largest in the British cotton industry. In addition to Quarry Bank Mill, they owned other factories in north-west England, at Reddish, Calver, Bollington, Lancaster

(Triebwagenzug) to run on a European railway. Čžjžek was involved in banking, having been a founder of the Wiener Bankverein (Vienna union of banks) in 1869. He made a world tour in 1898 to promote the Empire’s

hotel built in 1841, and was involved with several banks. By 1930 Maffei’s company had built 5,500 steam and electric locomotives, but it went into bankruptcy that year and in 1931 was amalgamated with the [...] Italian tobacco trader, and his first job was in his father’s business, but by 1835 he was involved in banking. He obtained sufficient capital to establish the engineering company J A Maffei in the Englischer

manufactured tennis balls, vehicle tyres and hats. He also had interests in banking and chaired Skandinaviska Banken and Sparbanken in Helsingborg. He was on the board of the daily newspaper Helsingborgs Dagblad

his enterprises suffered technical problems and his debts to the Bank Polski were called in after the disgrace and conviction of the banker Henryk Łubieński. In 1853 the government seized all his property [...] family traded in spices at Kraków. After his father died when he was 13 he studied commerce and banking in Vienna then at the age of 18 returned to Kraków to manage the family business. He sought new

managed a wire rolling mill and was also involved in banking. August Thyssen studied in Aachen, karlsruhe and Antwerp before beginning work in his father’s bank. He founded a company in Duisburg with his brother

In the 19th century, the entrepreneur Guillem d‘Areny-Plandolit was also an active merchant and banker. He also played an important role in the reforms of 1866 that granted the common people a modest [...] of the structure of Andorra’s economy that Julià Reig i Ribó, a son of the founder, also launched a bank and a real estate enterprise in the 1950s. In the latter half of the 20 th century a number of the [...] serves as a museum. Labour had to be recruited from Spain for its construction, roads were built, banks and department stores were founded. From the 1950s on, development acquired a momentum all its own

company and developed interests in other sectors, including banking, lead mining, papermaking, coal trading and shipping. He founded the Vizcaya Bank in 1901 and the shipping company Compañía Marítima del Nervión

initially worked in his father’s soap business in that city. Later he served an apprenticeship in banking and trading with the Lümel Company in Prague, and then travelled in France and Italy. In 1843 he [...] at Munich (1851-52) and the conservatory at the Residenz in Munich (1853). He was also active in banking and insurance and was an enthusiastic advocate of the Gewerbemuseum (trade museum) in Nürnberg, whose

the West. Due to its crushing foreign debt, its national budget was under the control of European banks. The West dictated import tariffs, so that domestic businesses were unable to compete with European [...] Turkish economy – with varied success – into the 21st century. This was the impetus behind e.g. Sümerbank, which began expanding textile production in 1935 with an initial factory in Kayseri However, it [...] and when the cost of oil imports increased drastically in the 1973 Oil Crisis, Turkey was facing bankruptcy. Turgut Özal, later Premier and President, is considered the architect of the turnaround after

chemicals, textiles, transport, mining, olive oil, mechanical engineering, shipbuilding, tobacco, banking and insurance. Da Silva was born in Lisbon to furniture dealer and financier Caetano Isidoro da Silva [...] 19 he took over running the family estate and three years later he was a director of the Lusitano bank and Companhia Aliança Fabril (CAF), which made candles, soap, glycerine and other chemical products

exporting timber and grain from the Baltic region to Britain. In 1822, Wegner was sent by the Berlin banker Wilhelm Christian Benecke to evaluate the Norwegian company Modums Blaafarveværket – the ‘blue colour [...] economic crisis following the revolutions of 1848 and the invention of synthetic ultramarine led to bankruptcy in 1849. (The cobalt works and mines operated until 1893 and became a museum in 1971.) In 1835

people in the country. He became a Serbian citizen and was an influential governor of the national bank of Serbia (later of Yugoslavia) for much of the period from 1890 to 1926. In the late 1890s Weifert [...] nephew and nationalised after the Second World War. He is commemorated by his portrait on Serbian banknotes.

alongside around 200 others. Boada’s later roles included the presidencies of the Bank of Madrid, the Catalan development bank and Ford Spain. At INH (Instituto Nacional de Hidrocarburos) from 1981 to 1985

trained. Jacques’ father died when he was 25 and he inherited enough money to buy equipment from a bankrupt jersey textile factory and set up independently. Soon after this he decided to emigrate to Germany [...] east Asia, Australia and the USA. In order to expand it attracted additional workers with a savings bank, health insurance scheme, dormitory accommodation and a holiday village. In the 1890s it built additional