and a large steelworks in Temirtau near Karaganda. In 1949, the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb at the test site in Semei (then Semipalatinsk). The facilities remained in operation until 1991

strategic military planning. For this is where Nazi Germany was manufacturing heavy water for its atom bomb research, something which the allies were trying to prevent by means of daring sabotage action

thirteenth century. After the Second World War, due to the need of the Soviet Union for uranium to make atomic bombs, a search began resources. Uranium ore was mined at Kletno from 1948 to 1953. The mine had

German V1 flying bombs. An Atomic Weapons Research Establishment which was based at Orford Ness from 1955 until 1971. It carried out experiments on the non-nuclear parts of the atomic and hydrogen bombs designed [...] location was found to be unsuitable. Many buildings and other structures were demolished after the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment was closed in 1971, but Orford Ness remains one of the best places

situated idyllically in the Mass valley, in the shadows of the massive cooling towers of the Huy atomic power station. Baroque middle-class splendour right next to the legacies of industrialisation. It