campaigned for shared distribution, a trade association and high import duties. During the First World War, the industry was highly profitable. At this time Urgoiti developed his interests in publishing [...] with depression. In 1932 he moved to a sanatorium in Switzerland where he remained during the Civil War. 'El Sol' was closed by the Franco government in 1939. His last years were devoted to a medical institute

into the Sota y Aznar company with some 25 steamships. Many of these were torpedoed in the First World War while leased to the British government but the contract was highly profitable and de la Sota was [...] politics as a Basque nationalist and was elected to the Spanish Cortes. At the outbreak of the Civil War he arranged for his ships to evacuate people from Bilbao. The fascists ordered him to leave the country

Charlottenburg and Spandau. The works museum, founded in 1922, moved with the company after the Second World War to Munich, where company archives can be studied at the Werner von Siemens Institute of Siemens

his knowledge to Łodz in Poland. The factory he built there in 1855 was one of the biggest in the world, covering 168 hectares. The population of Łodz as an industrial city grew from 18,000 in 1851 to 100 [...] in the city of Łodz. By 1870, his company was the largest of its kind in Poland and employed nearly 2,000 people. He continued to acquire other businesses and converted them all into a joint stock company

seaplane accident. Giovanni Agnelli did military service in Russia and North Africa during the Second World War after which Fiat was managed by Vittorio Valletta (1883-1957). He inherited control of Fiat and

were responsible for innovations that profoundly changed the nature of ironmaking throughout the world. Abraham Darby I (1678-1717) The first Abraham Darby was born to a Quaker family near Dudley, and [...] and fountains, appear first to have been made in iron at a foundry in Berlin during the Napoleonic Wars, and were subsequently made in Belgium, Sweden and elsewhere. Abraham Darby IV was principally important

at the same time, raises his profile as a fierce advocate of German national interests. During World War I he provides the electric steel for the first German steel helmet and produces shells made from [...] memorandum under the heading "Thoughts on the Preparation for the War and Its Implementation", is one of 15 German "Wehrwirtschaftsführer" (heads of war economy) and becomes part of the top-level management of [...] thousands of civilians deported from Russia and Ukraine as well as French, Italian and Soviet prisoners of war. Whoever violates the strict rules of his rigid ‘work discipline’ is transferred to a prison camp run

Hans-Ulrich Schaffgotsch and continued to manage the Godulla enterprises. Under communism after World War Two the estates were confiscated. Godulla was forgotten and his mansion was demolished. More recently [...] Ballestrem’s new Carl zinc smelter at Ruda, which he expanded to become one of the largest in the world. Count von Ballestrem rewarded Godulla with shares in the works. The income from this enabled him [...] to be used in galvanising in around 1840. Upper Silesia and Godulla’s mines and smelters dominated world production. He was known as the ‘king of zinc’. When he died Godulla owned numerous zinc mines, coal

became Maybach-Motorenbau. However, airship production was forbidden in Germany after the First World War and Maybach turned instead to the manufacture of luxury limousines from 1921. When he died in 1929

Goldberg, until he was forced by the Third Reich government to leave Germany in 1933. After the Second World War the company was split up. Zeiss Ikon resumed production in the Federal Republic at the former Contessa

Cattunmanufactur. In 1768 his dispute with the Augsburg weavers’ guild was settled in his favour. In 1770-2 he returned and built a three-storey factory just outside the city walls. It was designed by the architect [...] then returned ten years later but the business closed in 1808 under the disruption of the Napoleonic Wars. A section of the factory survives as a university building. The emblem from its gates and other material

further so that the coffee poured directly into a jug or pot. Production fell during the First World War but in 1922 she developed a graphic style for the brand on packets of filter papers and in 1928 [...] signature-style lettering for the Melitta trademark. Production was stopped again during the Second World War when the factory was requisitioned. It re-started in 1948, two years before Melitta Benz died. Filters

after his father’s death. He was also a politician and Swedish foreign minister during the First World War. His half-brother was Markus Laurentius Wallenberg (1864-1943) , who trained in law and joined the

only limited tasks in the production of complex ceramic wares. Wedgwood showed imagination and skill in marketing. He arranged displays of his ware in London under the patronage of Queen Charlotte, and exported [...] and in 1771-2 sent a succession of parcels of his products to members of the royal houses of Germany. In the 1770s and 80s he published catalogues in French, Dutch and German. His awareness of the importance [...] manufacturer in Europe. He made many notable contributions to the means of producing high-quality ceramic wares, and, in a broader sense, to the intellectual background to the Industrial Revolution in Britain.

qualities of cast iron and wrought iron and was used everywhere to make the objects of the modern world – railways, ships, machines, bridges and buildings. Although best known for his work with steel, Bessemer [...] house and offices in London and created a large laboratory. When Bessemer noticed during the Crimean War that cannon made of cast iron broke easily, he decided to investigate a better material. With little

torpedo was a new weapon developed in the nineteenth century that had a terrible impact in the two world wars. The British engineer Robert Whitehead developed the self-propelled underwater explosive device

purposes during the Second World War, including one that could be launched as a surveillance aircraft from a submarine and one that carried heavy loads. At the end of the Second World War Focke worked with the [...] studied engineering at Leibnitz University in Hannover. His studies were interrupted by the First World War. Part of his military service was in the German air force. In 1924, he co-founded with his university [...] and then built the world’s first practical helicopter, called the Focke-Wulf Fw 61. This used powered twin rotors, unlike the unpowered rotor of the autogryro. In 1938 it set world records for flight duration

College. He suffered from illness throughout his life and was unfit to join the army in the First World War. He took a job with the Clyde Valley Electrical Power Company and then, in 1923, moved to the south

and heavy guns for the navy. The capacity of the works was greatly increased during the First World War after which it was purchased by Schneider et Cie from Le Creusot. In 1924 the company took over [...] achieved much success in the years that followed. The history of the company during the Second World War and subsequently is complex. It retains its identity but car manufacturing has been separated from

the year in which he displayed at the Great Exhibition in London a flawless 907 steel ingot, and a 2.7 kg cannon. He followed the pattern of earlier generations of English ironmasters by vertically integrating [...] his company, which, with 20,200 employees was claimed to be the largest industrial concern in the world. Krupp gained a reputation as a benign employer. The company`s workers settlements, particularly Altenhof [...] to control the concern in the 20th century. Alfried Krupp (1907-67) was charged but not tried with war crimes for his use of slave labour during the Third Reich, but regained control of the company in 1953