chimneys of his cast steel factory. In the rapid growth that followed, expanding factory facilities and further settlements eventually grew together to form a gigantic factory city, next to which the c [...] workforce in the Renaissance tradition, but failed to realise it. More successful was Titus Salt, also a textile manufacturer, who had the "Saltaire" settlement built for his employees in West Yorkshire in 1851 [...] Fourier had developed similar ideas for production and living communities. Following his model, the factory owner Jean-Baptiste Godin realised the "Familistère" settlement next to his foundry in Guise in 1859:

in the 16th century. Development thus followed a painful, inefficient, up-and-down course. When textile fabrics, coal mines and iron works began appearing in Britain in the mid-18th century, the course [...] part of their realm the role of food production. Scarcely any manufactories, the predecessors of factories, were founded. In spite of this, Hungary’s agricultural sector remained backward for a long time [...] upswing in the core Austrian territories toward the end of the 19th century brought more and more factories to Hungary as well. Due to the significance of agriculture the food industry predominated, with

Site Essen (D). Zollverein Coking Plant WHS Euskirchen (D). Müller Textile Works LVR Industrial Museum Euskirchen (D). Müller Textile Works LVR Industrial Museum Friedrichshafen (D). Zeppelin Museum Furtwangen [...] Jewellery Quarter Blaenavon (GB). Iron Work World Heritage Site Blegny (B). Blegny Mine WHS Bocholt (D). Textile Works LWL Industrial Museum Bochum (D). Railway Museum Bochum (D). Hall of the Century London (GB) [...] Furtwangen (D). German Clock Museum Gent (B). MIAT Museum about Industry, Labour and Textile Goslar (D). Rammelsberg Mining Museum and Vistor Mine WHS Gräfenhainichen (D). FERROPOLIS - Town of Iron Hornu

key material, and concrete. Iron constructions were used to reduce the risk of fire in the British textile industry from around 1800. In a flax mill in Shrewsbury, for example, the architect Charles Bage [...] also understood well the new materials, cost calculation and technical equipment, especially for factory buildings. Iron constructions were further developed when it became apparent that they were not fireproof [...] the outside of their buildings with ashlars or bricks. The administrative buildings of countless factories of this period also have round-arched windows, corner towers and façades richly ornamented with

Ireland exported wool until England, their largest trading partner, increased tariffs, forcing factories to switch to linen – a transition which proved most successful in the north-eastern province of [...] north-south axis of the island. Belfast developed into a centre for trade, attracting first the textile merchants and then the banks – an early example of the divide between the predominantly English/ [...] and another million were forced to emigrate. The north weathered the crisis better, thanks to its factories. Cotton manufacturers in Belfast were already using steam engines, driven by coal imported from

was Europe’s leader in paper manufacturing; quasi-industrial forms of production emerged in the textile sector early on; and the powerful naval city of Venice, whose arsenals at times employed over ten [...] the new national currency, the lira, crippled the economically weaker South: exports declined, factories were forced to close. A severe agricultural crisis that broke out at the beginning of the 1880s [...] plant was founded in Milan around this time as well, and food manufacturer Círio opened its first factory, for canned goods, in Turin. The Industrial Revolution swept the northern half of Italy between 1897

transport, and established a brand that is still globally recognised. He worked for a time in the textile industry in Hamburg, but in 1843 moved to Bergen in Norway where he set up a company, Arne Fabrikker [...] company steadily expanded and employed more than 400 people by the early 1860s. In 1878 he set up a factory at Dale, in Hordaland county, 40 km north-east of Bergen, where, some years earlier, he had recognised

beautiful site of Jizera mountains landscape in former textile factory “Baumwollspinerei Karl Bienert und Söhne”, which is an exceptionally well-preserved factory complex including numerous authentic structural [...] aircraft archaeology which is collected from air crashes in the mountains around the factory; 3rd Exhibition of textile production with some machines in working condition and exhibition of old sewing machines

created its textile samples and fashion collections. In the testing laboratory visitors can see how incubators, heavy metal apparatus and plastic equipment were used to test manufactured textiles for durability [...] capacity was put into action whenever the River Wupper was unable to supply enough water to keep the factory production in operation. Now, after 40 years of rest, the powerful apparatus is turning once again [...] durability by rubbing, shaking and heating. The large factory site, built alongside a loop in the River Wupper, is a microcosm of a small town: it has its own half-timbered station, a manufacturer’s villa

Liverpool and New York. He founded over a hundred separate textile operations, for weaving, dyeing and printing cotton. Many of his factories were very large: the cotton spinning works near Narva in Estonia [...] Russia in 1840, Knoop went to Moscow. He was only 19 years old but he saw opportunities to expand the textile industries in the Russian Empire, bringing his direct knowledge and his connections with English

museum thus becomes a trip back into the history of crafts in the Märkisch Sauerland region. Paper, textiles, and above all cutting instruments are the major craft industries in the region. For centuries a [...] home-made smoked sausages, a mustard mill, freshly brewed beer, a fruit distillery and even a tobacco factory. The idea for this wide-ranging museum was first put forward in the 1930s and it was opened in 1973

mechanical looms – it was that kind of noise that used to shape the everyday life of the Basque textile mill La Encartada near Bilbao for 100 years. Luckily, almost the entire equipment, predominantly [...] the dwellings built for the former employees. The museum tour starts with a video capturing the factory in full operation and reproducing interviews with the workers. This is followed by various workshops [...] maintenance, accompanied by historic vans, ranging from horse-drawn carts to DKW platform trucks. The factory’s most important product was the beret ("Boina"), temporarily extended by blankets for the army. The

start of the century freed up an enormous labour force, and the first factories emerged in the cities. In Riga in particular, textile, wood, metal-working and tobacco-processing enterprises flourished. Railroad [...] and street cars, the Riga Diesel Engine Factory went into operation and the enterprise RAF quickly made a name for itself in minibuses. Wood processing, textiles and paper manufacturing also expanded. In [...] Warsaw stopped in Daugavpils, with Riga added in 1861. In the following years, the Russo-Balt Wagon Factory and machinery works were founded in the suburb Bolderai. Once the rail links to the breadbaskets

and opened as the city’s industrial museum in 1982. Visitors to the museum can see an array of textile machinery used and made in Leeds, together with their sources of power, a working water wheel and [...] pogroms in 1900, and established a nationwide chain of men’s clothing shops, supplied from a large factory on Hudson Road, Leeds. Other exhibits relate to printing, which was important in Leeds from the time

a gym. Music bands, dance groups and male-voice choirs were founded. From the factory, a city had emerged. In 1993 textile production had to be discontinued. Today about 100 studios offer the artists the

son moved to Turin in 1875 where they obtained land for a factory at Collegno near the terminus of a tram line from the city. A cotton factory, the Cotonificio Leumann, began work in 1877. Napoleon Leumann [...] of Italian entrepreneurial philanthropy. A Swiss entrepreneur, Isaac Leumann (1807-87) set up a textile business at Voghera near Pavia in Lombardy, where his son, Napoleon Leumann (1841-1930), married

Johann Jakob Spoerry. In 1905 they merged to form a major textile company that produced, with interruptions, until 1992. The imposing factory buildings in Tresen, erected in 1870, and the associated workers [...] European industrialisation did not reach Liechtenstein until 1836, when the Schädler tiled stove factory opened, which developed into a ceramic art company that still exists today. The customs treaty concluded

the capital needed to establish larger enterprises, such as heavy industry, was lacking. Food and textile production remained dominant, followed by metal and wood processing operations. After the Second [...] plant in Kėdainiai was founded in 1959, and is still in operation today under the name “Lifosa”; a factory for artificial fertilizer opened in Jonava in 1962, and is now operated by the company Achema. The [...] ethnic identity. Lithuania did not suffer from this as much, because it was possible to recruit factory workers from the country’s rural unemployed. When this country’s industrialisation was completed

the east where wages were lower. The Living Textile Museum, established in 1989, is located in a four-storey former factory. Its displays illustrate the textile industry in the area since the early eighteenth [...] is part of the Waldviertal Textilstrasse (textile road) which also includes museums at Veitra and Waidhofen and some of the remaining working textile factories. [...] eighteenth century a landowner, Johann Christoph Ferdinand Grav von Mollentheim (1682-1742), encouraged textile manufacturing in the area, particularly the making of ribbons, tapes and laces, and brought in skilled

military boots and uniforms. In 1833 he was co-founder with the French textile specialist Philippe de Girard of a linen factory and settlement on land owned by his father in central Poland – the town [...] investment in mining and ironmaking from 1833. As a private entrepreneur Łubieński established two factories to make sugar from beet, one at Guzów in 1829 and another at Częstocice in 1839. With his brother [...] town was later given the name Żyrardów after Girard. At Lubartów in 1840 he established a ceramics factory to make faience. Nearby at Serock he opened an ironworks. He also established foundries to make scythes