advice from the military engineer Francisco Antonio Elorza. Asturias had a rich coalfield, iron-ore mines at Langreo and Laviana and the newly built Langreo railway (opened in 1853) to the coast at Gijón

business. When he returned home to Portugalete Chávarri had inherited a share in the family iron mines at Triano. The non-phosphoric iron ores were mainly shipped to Britain for smelting. However, from [...] in returning ships. Chávarri proposed vertically integrating steel production in one company, from mine to steel works to shipping. In 1882, he created a joint-stock company, the Sociedad Anónima de Metalurgia [...] later unified with two others to create the company Altos Hornos de Vizcaya. He acquired further mining interests and promoted the construction of railways: the Bilbao to Santander railway and, in the

systems were made by other companies, such as Henderson of Aberdeen, Scotland. They became common in mines, quarries and construction projects for minerals and waste. Ropeways could span wide distances and

created a vast conglomerate. He was considered Germany’s ‘business Kaiser’, with control of coal mines, steelworks, shipping, power stations, hotels, newspapers and banks. It is believed at the time of [...] with 600,000 employees. Stinnes was born at Mülheim in the Ruhr valley where his father ran a coal mine and shipping business established by his grandfather on the rivers Ruhr and Rhine. After secondary [...] began studies at the technical university of Charlottenberg but for a management role in the family mines in 1890 following his father’s death. In 1892, Stinnes founded Hugo Stinnes GmbH, which became the

further coal mine at Petit-Rosselle. De Wendel was administrator of the Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Est and he negotiated for branches to connect the new works to the company’s coal mines and coke works [...] managed the company while he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris and went to Britain to study mining and metallurgy. He returned to France in 1834. He shared control with his mother and his brother-in-law

bankruptcy in 1849. (The cobalt works and mines operated until 1893 and became a museum in 1971.) In 1835 Benecke and Wegner had purchased the Hassel iron ore mine and blast furnace in southern Norway, which [...] 1776, this was among the world’s largest producers of cobalt blue pigment. It consisted of cobalt mines, calcining kilns, a works to process the dyestuffs and a glassworks. Cobalt blue was exported widely

transport coal from mines of La Grand-Combe to Nîmes. He went into partnership with his brothers and others as the promoters of the new railway under the title of the Compagnie des Mines de la Grand Combe [...] two seas were at the same level. In the 1850s he rebuilt the docks of Marseilles. Talabot worked on mining, railway and maritime transport projects in Algeria and on railways in Italy and Austria. He was

Upper Silesia and Godulla’s mines and smelters dominated world production. He was known as the ‘king of zinc’. When he died Godulla owned numerous zinc mines, coal mines and zinc smelters as well as very [...] with the landowner there to establish the Mariengrube mine and divide profits equally. In the following years, he invested his earnings in other mines, steelworks and transport facilities. He lent money [...] of the industrial revolution in Silesia - then in Prussia but today part of Poland. He developed mining for coal and zinc in the region and built the largest industrial empire of the period in the German

in 1759 after the breaking of an engagement, and spent much of his subsequent life developing the mining resources of the family estate at Worsley near Manchester. Under his auspices a canal, 8 km long

confidant of the Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1815-98). He had interests in coal mines and ironworks in Silesia, in the mining and smelting of zinc at Lipine, and in the Niederrheinhütte (Lower Rhine ironworks) [...] Silesia. He was born in Wrocław (then Breslau in Prussia) to a family that already had interests in mining and ironworking, which he took over from his father in 1848. He gained notoriety when he moved to

his father, coal mines, foundries and construction. In 1920, he was ennobled as the Marquis of Triano, taking the name of the Basque village where his ancestors had developed iron-ore mines. The RIALIA museum [...] Vizcaya (known as La Vizcaya) and built a steelmaking operation that integrated every process from mine to shipment. However, he died in 1900, when Victor junior was only twelve. Victor studied engineering

her Platz, purchased the Heinrichshütte steelworks near Hattingen and acquired iron ore and coal mines. She continued working into her seventies and handed ownership of the company to her son Karl in 1912

Germany’s principal expert on mining and associated industries. Reden was born in Hamelin in Lower Saxony and in 1768 began an apprenticeship in the metalliferous mines of the Harz Mountains after which [...] von Heynitz, and after returning to Saxony gained a degree in geology from the the Bergakademie (Mining Academy) at Freiberg. He worked for a time for the government in Hanover and subsequently joined [...] Upper Silesia. With his uncle he was involved with the installation of a Watt engine at the silver mines at Tarnoski Gory, and with the building of coke-fired blast furnaces at the Königliche Eisengieserie

raising capital by establishing a joint-stock company. In 1870 he went into partnership with SA des Mines du Luxembourg et des Forges de Saarbruck, which was run by the Belgian/Luxembourgish industrialist [...] raising capital by establishing a joint-stock company. In 1870 he went into partnership with SA des Mines du Luxembourg et des Forges de Saarbruck, which was run by the Belgian/Luxembourgish industrialist

industry from his father’s family. The Horseley company was already about 40 years old and integrated mining, iron smelting and iron manufacture. Manby expanded it and developed an engineering works. It became [...] Creusot and redeveloped them along with their Paris operation under the title Société Anonyme des Mines, Forges et Fonderies du Creusot et de Charenton. The French company went bankrupt in the financial

in 1832. The bank took a strategic role in industrial policy and directly controlled investment in mining and ironmaking from 1833. As a private entrepreneur Łubieński established two factories to make sugar

the École des mines. He then took seven months to travel around northern France, Belgium and the German states examining mines and ironworks. He published his findings in the Annales de mines . He entered [...] tor who promoted economic development and solved technical problems in diverse fields, including mining, railways, iron and steel, aluminium smelting and sewage treatment. His research findings and technical [...] entered the government service as a supervisor of mines and quarries across France in 1841. In 1843 he began to work on the question of French railways, examining how a national network should develop and studying

industry began at the age of 30 when he went to the Universal Exhibition in Paris with his uncle, the mining engineer Benigno Arce. When they saw a machine for forging nails they decided to develop the industry [...] the latest technologies of electric power and telephone communications. He also became a partner in mines in the area and the brewery La Austriaca with his uncle and other members of the extended family.

draining tin and copper mines in the West of England, and devised an effective automatic steam engine, the first example of which appears to have been set to drain a coal mines at Coneygre, Dudley, in [...] a Cornish miner who commented: ‘Mr Newcomen’s invention of the fire engine enabled us to sink our mines to twice the depth we could formerly do by any other machinery’.

associated with Laura Ashley. Several factories were opened in Wales, including one in the forming mining community at Gresford, near Wrexham, and a new headquarters at Newtown was completed in 1984. Laura