number of sites that hold ERIH membership. The position of ERIH Coordinator for England is now in the hands of Dr Mike Nevell. He is an industrial and landscape archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience

Pfau Brothers (Gebruder Pfau). The company originated in 1859 when Friedrich and Antoni Pfau set up a hand-weaving business in Leipziger Strasse, where in 1885 they built a four-storey factory for the manufacture

workings 100 m below the surface, many of which are narrow and difficult of access, and were worked with hand tools. It is also possible to view the mining landscape of the region from the top of the mine headstock

Saut-du-Tarn Steel Works at Saint-Juéry was founded in 1824. It specialized in manufacturing steel hand-tools such as files, scythes and sickles, and later agricultural machinery and other equipment with

Take a journey of discovery deep into the earth and experience first-hand the fascinating world of mining. Once you have been equipped with a helmet and protective clothing, travel 1.5 kilometres into

history of mining in the Saar. Here you can take a ride into a 200 meter long mining gallery in a hands-on experience with original sound effects. At the end of the shift you can be rewarded, on request

machines and jackhammers. It is now possible for visitors to experience these conditions at first hand in the "Röhrigschacht" demonstration mine that was opened in 1991 in the suburb of Wettelrode in

century, and 1805 saw the commissioning of the first steam engine in St. Petersburg. On the other hand, the boom in iron production trailed off in the mid-19th century, and the government attempted to

Corbeil-Essonnes, he became interested in the potential for modernisation. He was frustrated by the hand-method of making paper, one sheet at a time, with numerous workers. In 1797 he devised a machine to [...] with a stream of pulp and then passed through rollers to squeeze out the water. The paper was laid by hand across a series of bars to dry. Robert patented his machine in 1799 with Didot’s support. The French

direct impression of the advantages of building the underground galleries. But there´s no rest for hands and feet in the Rischbachstollen visitor mine. Here you can don colliers’ clothing, hammer away at

its villages. The process of destruction is still continuing and, at the same time, a new "second-hand" landscape is being created. North-east of Eschweiler is the Inden open-cast mine , one of three brown

Kassel of 1912. There is a royal saloon used on the railway from Athens to Piraeus and a selection of hand-operated permanent way trolleys. The only standard gauge locomotive is a 2-6-0T from which the cylinders

exhibits. Steam engines of 1889 and 1913 are preserved, and there are collections of minerals and hand tools, as well as toys, manufactured in the district, and goods made for pilgrims visiting the shrine

keep to a strict discipline despite the fact that the majority were still working individually by hand. The decisive element which turned the whole world of work on its head was mechanisation. The factory [...] department. Division of labour raised productivity considerably. The actions of the workers, on the other hand, were increasingly reduced to a few, constantly repeated movements. As a result they gradually became [...] became alienated from the products they made. Formerly their products had been the pride of hand workers. Since expert knowledge was hardly necessary, employers now preferred to employ women and children

unthinkable: In the south, it was dominated by arch-conservative landowners; in the north, it was in the hands of countless small farmers who farmed on the edge of subsistence, and so productivity remained low [...] electrical equipment manufacturers emerged. The economy remained dominated by a small elite of a handful of families intermarried with the large landowners, but finally the process of structural change

documented and still in their original positions include the tanning ponds, leather preparation machines, hand-tools for shoe and saddle makers, account books and records, and objects made in the factory such

first glance the Grappa Distillery Poli proves to be a place where tradition and craftmanship go hand in hand. For more than one century all sorts of Grappa are given birth and mature here. An exciting guided [...] that are able to create a large variety of flavours. Visitors can feel what it is like to grasp a handful of fresh marc – the residues of grapes left by winemakers serving as the basic product of the di

endured were appalling by today’s standards, yet each worker would produce thousands of nibs each day by hand, using fly presses to cut and shape strips of steel. The history of the Pen Trade is told through [...] used to promote steel nibs at exhibitions also produces a fascinating display. You can also try your hand at Calligraphy – steel pens are still used for this purpose -and some of the few surviving companies

century by poor farmers from Hanover, who made habitable a region of impassable bogs. Exhibits include hand tools and steam-powered machines used for cutting peat, and peat presses. Visitors can travel in one

heathlands, and most cottages were roofed with reed thatch. Sheds were constructed to accommodate hand looms. General van der Bosch is commemorated by the Hoeve van der Bosch, the principal building at