This was probably why in the 2nd century BC the process of papermaking ... more PRODUCTION Domestic handmade textile production was typical for the pre-industrial age. The father sat at the loom and the women

name Caspar Honegger Maschinenfabrik Rüti. His father, Salomon Honegger, worked as a spinner and handloom weaver but by 1816 opened his own a spinning mill at Rüti. Caspar showed technical ability and was

guns and pistols which looked alike, but in the final assembly every single part had to be fitted by hand. Now gun makers from North America, like Samuel Colt, developed high-precision machine tools, which

cards recorded a particular pattern and they could be changed to make a different one. This made hand-weaving much faster and more accurate. In 1805 Napoleon declared Jacquard’s invention the property of

14 he was apprenticed to a ‘reed-maker’, who made the combs that separated the warp threads on handlooms. He left his apprenticeship within a month as he said he had already learned everything about the [...] loom by springs. It ran on a board between boxes at each end, controlled by a chord in the weaver’s hand. The invention doubled the speed of weaving. It also made it possible to weave broad cloth with one

spinning mill at Železný Brod and a worsted spinning mill at Raspenava that supplied woollen yarn to hand looms in the area. His company was one of the biggest textile businesses in Europe. Liebieg also

established. But the agricultural sector was underdeveloped and great tracts of land remained in the hands of large landowners even after the formal abolition of serfdom in 1861. The rural population suffered

shows the history of railway stations, using chiefly photographs as evidence of systems of luggage handling, ticket issuing and other functions of stations. The second displays the kinds of telegraphic equipment

Derwent. Their business became highly successful, producing far more silk threat than the English hand spinners. It employed around 300 people. John Lombe died only a year later. He may have been poisoned

soon the business began an early form of serial production in Luxemburg. In Saarland, on the other hand, Nicolas Villeroy had developed a new process for printing complicated decorations on porcelain. At [...] steelmaking. Most of the coke for the blast furnaces in Luxemburg came from Germany. On the other hand the iron and steel produced here was sent to the Ruhrgebiet for further processing. The dependency

et vous aurez bonne table et bon gîte’. (‘Your journey will be enchanting. You will be led by the hand. Your yearning for the picturesque will be satisfied and you will have good cuisine and good lodging

was introduced into Belgian coalmines and, after the First World War, into the pits along the Ruhr. Hand labour underground, which had continued almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, was gradually coming

reconverted into a museum which presents the relationship between art and industry as shown by the hand of Eduardo Chillida, one of the most famous sculptors in the Basque Country.

immediately introduced agricultural reforms, farming remained unproductive. Apart from traditional handicrafts, trade was limited to small businesses that processed agricultural products, such as mills and [...] and oil presses. After the Second World War, the country once again passed into Russian hands and the government in Moscow launched a comprehensive industrialisation campaign. However, unlike in most Soviet [...] for textiles and electrical appliances were built in the larger cities. Heavy industry, on the other hand, was concentrated east of the Dniester: since 1954, a hydroelectric power plant has been generating

Ottoman rule in the 15th century. As in the other Balkan nations, the scarce arable land fell into the hands of Turkish landowners, who did not concern themselves with modernising agriculture. The successful

particularly in the manufacture and working of crystal, used for fine table wares, ornaments and chandeliers. Crystal glass in the past incorporated a high proportion of lead, but it is now made by a lead-free

ty and the museum opened in 2008. It shows equipment from the 19th century onwards, including a handloom, a wet-recycling machine, a carding machine and the turbine and electrical equipment. Recycling

the works of Charles Darwin (1809-82) and Hermann Melville (1819-91). His first travel guide, A Handbook for Travellers to Holland, Belgium and the Rhine appeared in 1836 and was followed by guides to [...] they feature, which can be of great interest to historians of industry. The fifteenth edition of A Handbook for Travellers on the Continent being a guide to Holland, Belgium, Prussia, Northern Germany and

industrialisation are brought to life in historically recreated living and working environments. On the left-hand side, the changing world of work is depicted in a gypsum factory, a steam engine hall with a 13 [...] 1300-horsepower MAN tandem steam engine and a 1930s-style lead-printing workshop. The right-hand side is devoted to various areas of private and social life: from the workers' flat to the talking kitchen [...] shadow of the factory and the office is brought to life. Visitors of all ages are invited to try their hand at some of the demonstrations. The Bicycle Collection and Motorbike Museum bring to life Nuremberg's

industrial past. Families and schools are especially well catered for with educational display cases and hands-on museum games with which they can test their skills. The top storey of the museum can be comfortably