tracks of the industrial revolution. The result is a "circuit diagram" showing the connections between the main themes of European industrial heritage. In addition to the selection by industry, you can also [...] also list company museums and sites that offer factory tours and industrial heritage properties on UNESCO's World Heritage List. As an introduction to each Theme Route, we present the history of the development [...] steel – the key materials of the industrial era - from iron ore. First, the ore has to be smelted in the blast furnace. more Service and Leisure Industry The Industrial Revolution resulted in more and more

REGIONAL ROUTES OPEN UP THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF A REGION Listen In many European regions there are few industrial heritage sites with touristic potential. Each of this regions has its own specialisms [...] European industrial history. Germany's Ruhrgebiet, for example. Or South Wales, a key region in the "world's first industrial nation". Both these areas comprise a number of less significant industrial monuments [...] raw material deposits. more Industrial Valleys The slate hillsides of the Rhineland do not resemble an industrial area in the slightest. That said, it is indeed an industrial area whose economic roots

The Darby dynasty were important figures in the British iron industry for nearly two centuries, and were responsible for innovations that profoundly changed the nature of ironmaking throughout the world [...] Belgium, Sweden and elsewhere. Abraham Darby IV was principally important for his role in the iron industry of South Wales rather than in Shropshire. He bought the furnaces at Ebbw Vale in 1844 and subsequently [...] furnaces and 237 puddling furnaces in 1872, and was comparable in size to the whole Shropshire iron industry. The Darby family maintained their connection with the Coalbrookdale Company in subsequent generations

Demidow dynasty of industrialists. From 1820 Yefim was chief mechanical engineer for the various industrial complexes in the area. Mirom, his son, was his apprentice and eventually his successor. In 1810 [...] d by a monument in Nizhny Tagil, and models of their locomotive are displayed in the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow.

ter’ and moderniser who managed enterprises in all sectors of Spanish industry. As president of the national institute of industry in the 1970s he led more than 200,000 employees. His family ran a hardware [...] store in Barcelona. After graduating from the school of industrial engineers in the city in 1946 his first job was as an engineer in the textile industry at Tarrasa in Catalunya. He then moved to the Spanish [...] a state-owned financing company established by the Franco regime in 1941 to reconstruct Spanish industry after the Civil War and increase economic self-sufficiency. He restructured the organisation and

still the leading centre for glassmaking in Portugal. The mansion Palácio Stephens is a museum of the glass industry. [...] In eighteenth-century Portugal, Guilherme (originally William) Stephens developed the glass industry and gained a national monopoly, with his brother João Diogo (originally John James, 1747–1826). Stephens

building. The emblem from its gates and other material about calico printing are displayed in the industrial museum. [...] Johann Heinrich Schüle was a pioneer in the industrial-scale production of printed cotton fabric in eighteenth-century Bavaria. He broke through traditional restrictions at the city of Augsburg to establish

Petersburg owned by the government. In the early 1850s the young Nobel studied and gained experience of industry in France, Italy, Germany and the United States. He began to develop nitroglycerine in 1859-60, [...] as synthetic fibres and dyestuffs. Seven buildings of Nobel’s factory of 1875 are preserved as a museum at Hurum in Norway, his laboratory and mansion, used in his last years, are preserved at Karlskroga

company Duro Felguera SA. Many buildings survive and some are included in the Asturian Museum of the Steel Industry. [...] Asturias in the north of Spain had a small-scale iron industry in the eighteenth century. However, it had no large blast furnaces to make cast iron or works to manufacture wrought-iron until the investments [...] 1855, he realised there would be demand for iron and it could be the foundation for Spanish industrialization. At the age of 45 he determined to become an industrialist. In Madrid, he sought investment

Victor Francisco Chávarri Salazar was an industrialist and businessman who contributed to the industrial development of Vizcaya (the Basque region). He came from a family of iron-ore merchants at Portugalete [...] was Natalia Salazar Mac Mahón. Victor studied civil engineering at Liége in Belgium and researched industry in Germany. His brother Benigno also studied engineering in Liége and they would later work closely [...] made Marquis of Chávarri in 1914. A monument to him was put up in Portugalete in 1903 and the RIALIA museum shows material connected with his enterprises and those of his son, also called Victor Chávarri

glassworks. Cobalt blue was exported widely, especially to Britain’s porcelain, glass, paint and paper industries. Wegner bought the company on behalf of an investment group and was made Director-General and co-owner [...] ultramarine led to bankruptcy in 1849. (The cobalt works and mines operated until 1893 and became a museum in 1971.) In 1835 Benecke and Wegner had purchased the Hassel iron ore mine and blast furnace in

existing society is the history of class struggles’ have shaped the vocabulary of many accounts of industrial development, even those written by writers with philosophies directly opposed to Marxism. Karl [...] g regular contacts with Engels. He spent much of his time studying in the library of the British Museum and wrote a succession of lengthy works on philosophy and political economy, some of which remained [...] particularly through the First International, formed in 1864. His analysis of economic history, that industrial capitalism had created a proletariat, whose members could only live by selling their labour, has

(1854-1900), Victor José Luis Paulino de Chávarri y Anduiza became a major figure in the Basque steel industry while at the same time diversifying his business interests. He grew up in Portugalete, on the navigable [...] where his father and grandparents had made the family fortunes in iron-ore dealing and the steel industry. His father established the joint-stock company Sociedad Anónima de Metalurgia y Construcciones [...] merged with two other companies to create Altos Hornos de Vizcaya, which dominated the Spanish steel industry and was for a time the largest company of any kind in Spain. Victor junior led the new company as

his generation, remembered for his contributions to electrical power – the basis for the second industrial revolution. Among his multiple discoveries and inventions were the rotating magnetic field, multiphase [...] from 1893 and quickly dominated the new market for flexible and convenient electric motors for industrial use. This began a revolution in mechanical power, in which designs were continuously improved and [...] hotels he was effectively bankrupt. Westinghouse helped to support him for the rest of his life. Museums in Serbia and Croatia celebrate Tesla’s legacy and there are monuments to him in many countries.

In 1878 he began making portable steam engines that could be moved on wheels around farms and industrial locations to provide power wherever it was needed. In the 1880s he pioneered safety devices for [...] their shares to the American company John Deere. The Lanz name was used until 1967. The Lanz-Leo’s Museum in Rimbach, Bavaria, preserves a collection of the company’s engines and machines.

distinction in mechanical engineering and played a large part in the development of the textile industry in Germany, but his principal achievement was to contribute substantially to the establishment of [...] the German armed forces by 1918. He was a member of the committee that established the Deutsches Museum in Munich.

developments in other European countries and further afield. Supposedly his mind was set on a career in industry by a visit at the age of 13 to a steam-powered textile mill in Enschede. Soon afterwards, in 1835 [...] d in 1827 by Paul van Vlissingen, (1797-1876), and products of both companies are displayed in a museum at Oostenburg, Amsterdam.

the National Railway Museum and can be heard online at "Railwaystories". The Pegler family home the mid-eighteenth century Arncott House at Retford has housed the Bassetlaw Museum since 1986. [...] Alan Pegler was one of the pioneers of the heritage railway movement in the United Kingdom, which influenced the preservation of historic lines across Europe. He was the son of Francis Pegler, managing [...] India rubber belting, piping, matting and hoses, many of its products being used in the engineering industry. Alan Pegler gained a pilot’s licence while still at school, and used a light aircraft to chase

they were a means of enforcing industrial discipline, as well as means of philanthropy. Krupp`s own mansion, the Villa Hugel in Essen-Bredeney, is conserved as a museum. Krupp's family continued to control [...] almost ceased by the time of his death. The development of this small concern into the largest industrial company in Europe was due largely to his son, Alfred Krupp. When the building of main line railways [...] comprised 50% of the output of his company, which, with 20,200 employees was claimed to be the largest industrial concern in the world. Krupp gained a reputation as a benign employer. The company`s workers settlements

Franju was a French film director who made two documentaries that are of importance to students of industrial history. He had an individualistic style that fits into no particular school of film-making. Born [...] the Saar. It was intended as a celebration of Guy Monnet’s plan for the modernisation of French industry as part of the European Coal and Steel Community, but Franju showed the steelworks as an ugly intrusion [...] following year Franju made Hotel des Invalides, an ironic critique of France’s principal military museum. He directed his first feature, La Tete contre les Murs (The Keepers) in 1958, followed by the horror