company making optical glass in Jena in 1846. He was born at Weimar, studied at Jena then travelled to Vienna, Berlin and Stuttgart. His company revolutionised the manufacture of optical glass, and made its

son of a railway engine driver, and educated in the same city. After several jobs, including one in Vienna, where he failed to settle, he set up an iron foundry with August Ritter in 1871. His partner proved

Gross-Siegharts is a small town with a population of just under 3,000, which lies north-west of Vienna in the Waldwiertel region, not far from the border with the Czech Republic. In the eighteenth century

Theodor von Cramer-Klett (born Theodor Cramer) was born in Vienna and initially worked in his father’s soap business in that city. Later he served an apprenticeship in banking and trading with the Lümel

Grand Canal de l’Alsace. Removal of the many tolls on the river was begun in 1815 by the Treaty of Vienna which established the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine, which met for the first time

than 30 standard gauge steam locomotives. One of the oldest, No 310.076 was built at Floridsdorf, Vienna, in 1899, worked until the 1950s, and stood on a plinth at Ceské Budĕjovice until it was removed

realised at the end of the 18th century, when the initial motivation was the prospect of supplying Vienna with firewood from the Šumava forests. The system incorporated part of the River Mŭhl, and it was

Europe in the early nineteenth century. Antrobus was one of the British delegates at the Congress of Vienna in 1814-15. Similar carriages were used by wealthy young men undertaking the Grand Tour. Other vehicles

leather, wood and paper remained dominant. The government in Vienna determined where rail lines were built. The Southern Railway from Vienna to the Adriatic had priority, connecting Celje and Ljubljana

Thornton built the first water-powered cotton factories in Austria – at Hernals and Pottendorf near Vienna. Investment came from the 'Leih und Wechsel Bank' created by Prince Joseph II Schwarzenberg. From

From 1835 he promoted a railway line from Warsaw which opened in 1844 and in 1848 was connected to Vienna. However, his career in investment came to an end suddenly in 1842 when he was accused of misusing

the polytechnic in Prague and became a professor of geometry and surveying at the polytechnic in Vienna. However, in 1822 he was invited to organise the construction of his father’s railway. He studied

examine railways in the United States. On his return he began to plan the Sudbahn, the route linking Vienna to Graz and Ljubljana (Leibach) and ultimately to Trieste, the Empire’s principal port. He insisted

Hungary, an Arpad railcar built by Ganz in 1934 that could accomplish the journey from Budapest to Vienna in just over three hours, a rotary snowplough and several motor cars that were built to run on railway

including the fact that the rooftop copper produced here was used to cover St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, for example. In the Ehrenfriedersdorf tin mine , visitors get to know the everyday life of miners

purpose: to provide cheap transport for timber from the then barely accessible Bohemian Forest to Vienna. The fact that it is hailed by contemporaries to be the "eighth world wonder" illustrates the immense

largest of these was "Congress Poland" with Warsaw as its capital, a construct that was created at the Vienna Congress of 1815 and subject to the Czar of Russia. As in many European nations, population growth [...] a major industrial centre. This was further driven by the railways that linked Warsaw first with Vienna and then with St Petersburg and Moscow. The most important factor, however, was that the industries

watchmaker, selling watches across Europe. He was inspired to make a harmonica after buying one in Vienna. The principal company in the town was founded in 1857 by Matthias Hohner (1833-1902), a clockmaker

factory making locks. He trained as a locksmith until he was around 19, when he decided to go west to Vienna and Munich seeking new opportunities. He arrived eventually at Chemnitz in Saxony, which was already

from 1878 on, Bosnia-Herzegovina was a (remote) part of the Habsburg Empire, and the government in Vienna initiated the construction of further railway lines, new roads and bridges. Sarajevo saw the construction [...] this process was the carpet factory founded in Sarajevo by Philipp Haas in 1879. Haas commissioned a Vienna museum director to create designs, and women weavers in Bosnia wove them into carpets that were