and took a role in the businesses. He saw transport and communications as vital investments for the nation. He founded, among other companies, the Copenhagen horse tramway company in 1865, the shipping company
the western edge of the continent and by a policy that sought little exchange with neighbouring nations and relied mainly on colonies: as early as the 15th century, the Portuguese built up a network of [...] of trading bases worldwide. In the 17th century, however, the pressure from competing nations became too great and Portugal concentrated on Brazil, which was rich in raw materials. The long-term consequences
transported more than 2.5 million people across the Atlantic to the plantations - more than any other nation. In addition to London, the port cities of Bristol and Liverpool now also became rich. For Liverpool [...] refineries and tobacco factories also profited from this. In 1807, Britiain was one of the first nations to ban the slave trade. The navy sought to enforce the ban worldwide to reduce disadvantages for [...] more products poured onto the market. Great Britain, the pioneer of industrialisation, was the first nation to be confronted with these new economic conditions, but the Empire, which expanded almost unchallenged
by 2030). There are also targets, benchmarks, demands and concepts at national level. The United Nations' 17 Sustainable Development Goals provide a framework for many activities. Countless working groups
Germany's Ruhrgebiet, for example. Or South Wales, a key region in the "world's first industrial nation". Both these areas comprise a number of less significant industrial monuments - the small cogs in
the world's ten largest producers of pig iron and iron ore and, in 1951, one of the six founding nations of the European Coal and Steel Community. This era is still commemorated today – thanks to extensive
businesses, from the electric tram network in Wizebsk to sawmills in Minsk, mostly came from western nations. World War I was followed by a first phase of independence, but already by 1920 the “Belarus Socialist
ricken country with a feudal social structure – yet today it is one of Europe’s most prosperous nations. Andorra was recognised as an independent state in 1278, but it was ruled by two foreign “co-princes”:
Iceland possesses virtually no natural resources. Thus, Iceland never developed into an industrial nation – the prosperity it achieved toward the end of the 20th century was due to the country’s booming
develop into a first-class trading centre on the northern rim of the Mediterranean. Additionally, the nation’s elite were still trapped in a feudalistic mind-set until well into the 19th century. Thus, the new
increasingly dependent on Nazi Germany. The country made the decisive transition to an industrial nation following World War II. In line with Soviet directives, all private enterprises were nationalised
continued to advance. However, this rapid advancement through the ranks of the great industrial nations came at the price of flagrant neglect of agriculture, dramatic shortages of consumer goods, and the
economy. Officially, Montenegro fell under Ottoman rule in the 15th century. As in the other Balkan nations, the scarce arable land fell into the hands of Turkish landowners, who did not concern themselves
processing was successfully carried forward by the Belgrade company Kluž. Unlike the other socialist nations of the Eastern Bloc, Yugoslavia’s government began developing its consumer goods industry in 1955
established on the Adriatic island of Krk. The petroleum company INA, founded in Zagreb, built a nation-wide network of petrol stations. At the same time, infrastructure was upgraded: hydroelectric plants
ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF NORWAY Listen Today, the "Land of Fjords" is one of the richest nations on earth, but until well into the 19th century it was a poor agricultural country, hardly developed
shortage of workers, leading to a rise in wages.Starting in the 1880s, Switzerland, traditionally a nation of emigration on account of the precarious agricultural conditions, became dependent on immigration
its former size. The consequences impacted the country even more severely than the newly created nations of eastern Europe: as the deposits of natural resources, in particular iron and coal, were now on
to Russia for further processing, while finished products had to be imported. The first Ukrainian nation state, founded in 1917, was violently annexed by the USSR in 1920. Subsequently, the government in
