The Mining Museum at Krásno in the Slavkov Forest in the north-western part of the Czech Republic is a branch of the regional museum at Sokolov. It is based around the Vilém tin mine, which worked from [...] from the First World War until 1991, although displays also illustrate the history of coal-mining in the area. The museum is centred on the former tin ore-processing plant that was reconstructed in 1994-98

to graphite mining at Ceský Krumlov is in the year 1767. There was rapid expansion after 1846 with the formation of several new companies, and by the 1870s about a thousand people were mining graphite in [...] has undergone extensive restoration since the ‘velvet revolution’. The area has a long tradition of mining, of gold and silver, but particularly of graphite, the crystallized form of carbon which is amongst [...] in the region. The industry contracted in the 20th century, and the last mine to work in the area is now a museum, where visitors, after donning protective clothing and boots and putting on helmets with

climbs a very steep gradient in the Austrian Alps. It was completed in 1891 by the Austrian Alpine Mining Company (Österreichischen Alpine Montangesellschaft) to carry iron ore. It closed in 1988 but was

exploitation of which was pioneered by Akaki Tsereteli (1840-1915) the poet and Georgian nationalist. Mining was supported by the imperial Russian government and by the Krupp corporation of Essen, and from [...] ironworks at Zestaphoni and the Black Sea port of Poti. The town of Chiatura was built up around the mines from 1905, and by 1913 half the world’s supply of manganese came from this part of Georgia. Production [...] Harriman (1891-1986) gained a concession in 1925 that soon proved unsuccessful. At their peak the mines employed 4000 people, but the number is now reduced to 3000. A cable car system of local transport

timber structures. New brine springs were discovered in the area in the early 19th century and the mining engineer Jakub Graff designed three graduation towers, built in 1827-8, 1833 and 1859, respectively

of the iron industry is the ore mine at Llorts in the parish of Ordino, where guided tours are provided for visitors in the summer months. One of the reasons why the mine has been preserved is that it was [...] vivid impression of the working conditions of iron ore miners in the 19th century. Associated with the mine is the Ressell Forge , once a Catalan forge, an efficient form of bloomery furnace, used in the Basque [...] There are numerous exhibits in the museum showing how locally-produced iron was used in the home. The Mine at Llorts and the Ressell Forge are included in the Andorran section of La Ruta del Ferro als Pirineus

The mining of silver near Schwaz, 22 km north-east of Innsbruck, began in the 15th century and was begun by migrant miners from Bohemia and Saxony. For many decades the mines at Schwaz were the most productive [...] Potosi in present-day Bolivia and elsewhere. Nevertheless the mines continued and from 1670 were owned by the Habsburg emperors. Parts of the mines are now preserved. Visitors to Schwaz are taken on a 90-minute [...] working lives, a theatrical performance, audio-visual presentations, and displays of mining equipment. The shop at the mine offers extensive ranges of mineral specimens and jewellery.

which has displays illustrating the many industries of Upper Austria, including salt making, coal mining, textiles, and the manufacture of weapons, tobacco, sugar, glass, ceramics and iron artefacts. The

industrial history of the region. The themes covered by the museum are connected especially with mining, agriculture and the making of charcoal. The agricultural traditions of the region are shown by hand

Jenbach is a small mountain resort that was formerly the centre for non-ferrous metal mining, on the railway from Kufstein on the German frontier to the Brenner Pass and Italy, where it is joined by two [...] and 1902 and extends 32 km south to Mayrhofen. Between 1928 and 1976 it carried ore from a magnesium mine at Tux. In 1965 it was extensively modernised in order to handle materials for the construction of

second largest iron ore mine in Austria. Visitors can see displays of tools and equipment from more than two millennia of mining history. The drainage and ventilation system of the mines are explained, and [...] Hüttenberg is a former mining town in Carinthia which has suffered since 1978 from the closure of mines and associated industries. The Carinthian Land Exhibition in 1995 attempted to revitalise the area [...] area by displaying its mining heritage and creating an open air museum to display the history of iron smelting in the area. The principal feature of the show mine is the 900 m long Erbstollen adit excavation

cave system in the district of Mödling in Lower Austria is the result of mining for gypsum. An explosion during blasting in the mine in 1912 led to its closure, and also the creation of what is believed to

Rudolfsturm, built in 1903 as the home of the manager of the salt mines, and to the castle of 1284 that protected the workings. Nearby mines are open to visitors in the summer months.

from the Middle Ages onwards. In 1880 it made 60% of the iron in the Habsburg Empire. The museum of mining and foundry work at Gußwerk is in the impressive building of the former ‘kk’ iron foundry. A foundry [...] produced cannons, machine parts and tools. The museum opened in 1998. It tells the story of iron mining in the region and displays the history, techniques and products of iron casting. Several cannons

a chapel created in one of the chambers, and displays showing mining tools, the properties of salt, and the material culture of salt mining communities. The old workings also accommodate a sanatorium which

mountains of central Austria with a long history of iron mining. The Post and Telegraph Museum is located in the Kammerhof, a medieval building where mining in the region was administered and later a hunting

north of the Tauern Tunnel has been important for the mining of gold and silver and for salt extraction since the middle ages. As in other mining enterprises in Austria, the Fugger family, bankers of Augsburg [...] centuries which involved considerable capital sums were unprofitable, but from the 1950s parts of the mine have been developed for therapeutic purposes. The museum, whose establishment owes much to Peter Sika [...] includes displays of water powered machinery, and exhibitions illustrating the significance of gold mining in the region and in the history of the world. Visitors are able to try to find fragments of gold

Salt has been mined around Hallein on the west bank of the River Salzach, 18 km south of Salzburg, for more than 7,000 years. The area is best known for the artefacts of the Celtic civilisation that flourished [...] includes a section on the saltworks but visitors can also take a cable car from the town to visit the mine itself on the mountain called the Dürmberg, which employed 200 people in 1903. The workings extend [...] agreement between the two countries was negotiated in 1829. Visitors can see a film explaining how the mine was operated and are then offered a 90-minute guided tour which includes a journey of 400 m on an

salt mines. It was developed as a resort, with warm saline baths, from 1885, and is still a centre for the treatment of varied diseases. There are records of salt mining from 1685, but the two mines that [...] century. At the Mihai mine, opened in 1912, salt was extracted from six chambers up to 66 m high, that form a celebrated international venue for flying model aircraft. The Urimea mine, some 40 m below the [...] of the University of Bucharest. Both mines were damaged by flooding in 1994, but were drained and re-opened in 1998. The museum illustrating the history of salt mining and processing and of the spa, opened

principally in the twentieth century, when vast quantities of spoil were tipped on beaches, but all the mines closed in the early 1990s, although coal washed in by the sea was collected over many centuries, usually [...] path, and the platform remains of the private station built for members of the Pemberton family of mine-owners, whose mansion, ‘The Towers’, was designed in 1821 by John Dobson, and demolished in 1969. [...] Coal was once despatched on a large scale from Seaham Harbour, which was established by another mine-owning family, the Earls of Londonderry. One terrace remains of a planned model village, designed by