ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF GEORGIA Listen The peaks of the Caucasus to the north; the Black Sea to the west and the Caspian Sea nearby to the east: for thousands of years, Georgia has been at the crossroads [...] programme of industrialization. The use of water power began in 1927 with the hydroelectric plant in Avchala, near Tbilisi; the plant on the Rioni River near the expanding industrial city of Kutaisi went [...] In order to expand the transportation of crude oil from Baku – now part of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan – the government approved construction of a further pipeline to Batumi in 1930. A
typical pattern of everyday life in the north German Wool Combing and Worsted Spinning Mill in Delmenhorst. The huge industrial site covering more than 25 hectares of land was one of the largest of its type in [...] the Nordwolle Factory Museum housed in the ornamented red brick building of the old turbine house which used to be the central power station of the works. In the adjacent row of sheds visitors can follow [...] follow the process of turning raw wool into yarn – some of this on working machines – and learn about the history of the many women and men who more or less fell unprepared into the maw of this immense factory
understanding of the process of industrialisation in Europe. The implications of the first sentence of his Communist Manifesto of 1848, ‘The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles’ [...] contacts with Engels. He spent much of his time studying in the library of the British Museum and wrote a succession of lengthy works on philosophy and political economy, some of which remained unpublished until [...] vocabulary of many accounts ofindustrial development, even those written by writers with philosophies directly opposed to Marxism. Karl Marx was born in Trier and studied at the universities of Bonn and
businessman who developed the new industrial community of Forssa in Finland in the mid-19th century, one of the country’s earliest industrial towns. He was born into a family of merchants in Stockholm and was [...] health centre, a library and a shop. In 1872, Wahren entered a new industry of great importance for Finland, the manufacture of wood pulp for papermaking. With partners, he founded the Kymmena company and [...] Kouvola, 130km north-east of Helsinki. In the 20th century the textile factories at Forssa became the largest in Finland under the brand Finlayson. Today Wahren’s spinning mill is a museum.
Sacchi was a maker of wooden models whose work had a profound influence on the design of consumer goods in the second half of the 20th century. He was born in the industrial community of Sesto San Giovanni [...] the north-eastern side of Milan, and lived most of his life in that area. He learned his skills with wood as an apprentice pattern maker from the age of 12 in the Milan foundry of Ceresa e Boretti. He [...] in 1998 through lack of a successor. His work has been honoured by exhibitions in galleries in many countries. The contents of his workshop and its archives are held by the Museumof Industry and Labour
the territory of the modern country was in the hands of three different foreign powers. The fertile black-earth region to the west of the Dniepr was long held by the great power of the Poland-Lithuanian [...] be seen in the Kyiv Aviation Museum. Soon, the Ukraine was producing around half of all the USSR’s tanks and missiles, making the country a centre of the military-industrial complex. However, as in the [...] was a union republic of the 'Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)', which was dissoluted in 1991. Therefore, for completeness, also read our articles on the industrial history of the other former soviet
The Scotsman John Baildon was one of the pioneers ofindustrial development in Upper Silesia, now in Poland but in Baildon’s lifetime part of Prussia. He was born at Larbert in Stirlingshire and studied [...] and 1812, as was Reden, in the construction of the 46 km Kłodnica Canal built 1792-1812 from Kózle on River Oder to Gleiwitz, primarily for the conveyance of coal and metallic ores. In 1798 he was appointed [...] mechanics in his youth before working at the Carron ironworks. He went to Silesiain 1793 at the invitation of Count Friedrich von Reden (1772-1815). His first task was to build coke-fired blastfurnaces at Gleiwitz
outline of outstanding examples of historic canals clearly reflects the manifold functions of built waterways from the very beginning. In Great Britain, there is a particular need for the transport of bulk [...] The economic and financial success of this new transport route soon inspires plenty of imitators. In Norway, canals are mainly used for timber rafting. On parts of the 105-kilometre-long Telemark Canal [...] Bridgewater Canal , the first "modern" canal in the motherland of industrialisation. Its developer Francis Egerton (1736-1803), 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, opens it in 1761 to transport coal from his collieries
disruption of the Napoleonic Wars. A section of the factory survives as a university building. The emblem from its gates and other material about calico printing are displayed in the industrialmuseum. [...] Heinrich Schüle was a pioneer in the industrial-scale production of printed cotton fabric in eighteenth-century Bavaria. He broke through traditional restrictions at the city of Augsburg to establish a large [...] In 1759 he opened his own printing works but continued to put out the work of painting to domestic workers and residents of the Augsburg poor-house. His high-quality products found markets across Europe
ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF ANDORRA Listen The Principality of Andorra boasts a unique economic history. On account of its inaccessible location high in the Pyrenees, far from any trade routes, and with [...] characteristic of the structure of Andorra’s economy that Julià Reig i Ribó, a son of the founder, also launched a bank and a real estate enterprise in the 1950s. In the latter half of the 20 th century [...] it was ruled by two foreign “co-princes”: The Bishop of La Seu d’Urgell – the Catalonian city to the south – and the Count of Foix to the north of the mountains, whose rights fell to the French crown in
ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF KOSOVO Listen The country has plains of fertile farmland and rich deposits of ores and lignite, but it has never managed to get sustainable development off the ground. The [...] backlog of modernisation. In addition, Kosovo itself had hardly any plants for the processing of its raw materials, so that the industry collapsed after the disintegration of the Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia [...] country's declaration of independence in 2008, the economic crisis worsened. Related Link WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Kosovo Mitrovica. Trepça mine Kosovo was part of the 'Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia', which
The museum gives an insight into the living conditions of working people in the new industries of Finland from around 1900 until the 1960s. The forestry and papermaking company Tornator began a factory [...] activities. The houses fell out of use and most were demolished in the 1960s but the river-side site with two remaining buildings was given to the city of Imatra. The museum opened in 1975. One building displays [...] furnished interiors of working-class homes in around 1900, the 1940s and the 1960s. The other is the sauna, where visitors learn about services provided for the well-being and health of the workers.
the middle of the 18th century and then served primarily as a supplier of raw materials and a sales market for Russia’s first industrial plants. The modest beginnings of the large industrial districts were [...] Turkestan-Sibirian Railway (Painting by Abilkhan Kasteyev. State Art Museumof Kazakhstan) Kazakhstan was a union republic of the 'Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)', which was dissoluted in 1991 [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN Listen Geographically, only a small part of the country lies in Europe. The larger part lies in Asia: according to the current view, the continental border runs
poverty and backwardness. The installation of a printing press in the village of Obod, near the capital of Cetinje, in 1493 – just a few years after the invention of printing – was a landmark event. But no [...] record in 2001. The country’s industrial production, amounting to around 5% in 1947, grew to over one third of overall economic output by the 1970s and the number ofindustrial workers exceeded agricultural [...] Montenegro was part of the 'Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia', which disintegrated since 1991. Therefore, for completeness, please also read our articles on the industrial history of the other states
ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN Listen The industrial history of Azerbaijan is largely a story of petroleum. Although the earth beneath this nation also holds iron, copper and other ores, their [...] construction of a large hydroelectric plant at Mingǝçevir Reservoir in 1948 led to the founding of the city of the same name, which became a centre of light industry, primarily the production of construction [...] from Europe’s booming industrial nations rushed into the country, and Baku saw the emergence of the legendary “Black City”, a cluster of oil refining operations. On the “white” side of the booming metropolis
gears tower over the redbrick gable of the Bois de Cazier colliery near Charleroi. The colliery has now ceased operations but in August 1956 it was the site of one of the most tragic accidents in European [...] European mining history; a disaster that killed a total of 262 workers. A major section of the colliery museum erected on the site is devoted to the accident. Surrounding this section are the miners’ changing [...] tram dating back to 1904, and even a complete sheet-rolling mill from the middle of the 19th century. The museum tells of the people who came here from all over Europe to earn a living under harsh, and
ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF ARMENIA Listen Civilisation in Armenia is thousands of years old, but the high mountains and deep valleys of the Lesser Caucasus are a major obstacle to economic development [...] 1960s. The Museumof Science and Technology in Yerevan documents these pioneering achievements. In order to remedy the greatest weakness of the Armenian economy, the Soviet leadership had a number of new thermal [...] was a union republic of the 'Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)', which was dissoluted in 1991. Therefore, for completeness, also read our articles on the industrial history of the other former soviet
Links WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Moldova World Atlas: What are the biggest industries in Moldova? Chișinău. Old Station (oldchisinau.com) Moldova was a union republic of the 'Union of Soviet Socialist Republics [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF MOLDOVA Listen The fertile black soil is the country's only significant resource; the few mineral resources worth mentioning are limestone and gypsum, which can be used for [...] for the production of building materials. Therefore, especially in the heartland between the Pruth and Dniester rivers in today's Republic of Moldova, the conditions for industrialisation were poor and the
trawlers were constructed in the port of Klaipėda. The systematic integration of the republics of the Union and the allied nations was a key element of the economic policy of the USSR. The countries were assigned [...] opening of the King Wilhelm Canal, which linked the Memel with the port of Klaipėda and allowed mariners to circumvent the Curonian Lagoon. The first industrial enterprises were formed toward the end of the [...] was a union republic of the 'Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)', which was dissoluted in 1991. Therefore, for completeness, also read our articles on the industrial history of the other former soviet
Tesla was one of the most brilliant and prolific inventors of his generation, remembered for his contributions to electrical power – the basis for the second industrial revolution. Among his multiple [...] the three-phase system of transmission. He was born in the Austrian Empire and died a naturalised citizen of the United States. His father was a parish priest in the village of Smiljan, now in Croatia [...] early 1920s most of his patents had expired and after living for many years in luxury hotels he was effectively bankrupt. Westinghouse helped to support him for the rest of his life. Museums in Serbia and
