relics of mining and smelting activities have been a World Heritage Site since 1993. New techniques were introduced in mining here earlier than elsewhere: for example, gunpowder was used in a mine in 1627 [...] the Kammerhof, where the ores were tested. The open-air museum of mining, opened in 1974, displays many surface structures from old mines, and includes a 1300 m circuit of underground workings. A 16th century [...] 1627, probably for the second time ever. In order to prevent the mine from closing down due to water inrushes and at the same time to obtain water energy for the poorly supplied town, an elaborate system

I mine in Heerlen, which was the last Dutch coal mine to close in 1974. The first coal was mined here in 1898. The museum included the shaft hall, the winding tower and the winding machine house. Since [...] Coal mining in the Limburg region ended in the 1960s and 1970s. To preserve this history, the Dutch Mining Museum was opened 40 years later. It was initially located at Shaft II of the Oranje Nassau I [...] islands' are set up like in a department store to tell the story of the mining era in Limburg. The ground floor is dedicated to mining and the miners. The first floor tells of the prosperity that the coal

found a preserved row of fully furnished Merthyr workers cottages from the 1800s. Shops from another mining valley village and the perfectly preserved Oakdale Miners Institute dating from 1906 provide architypical

the beginning of the industrialization until the 1950s and 1960s. The exhibition illustrates the mining and processing of the clay that was taken from the nearby Hirschberg, a place still rich in lignite

particular reference to those killed in a coal dust explosion at the Stozenburg mine in 1988, thus putting an end to mining in the region. The nearby power plant, designed by the architects Werner Issel [...] and roughly the same distance northeast of Marburg, in the heart of a region that relied on lignite mining for more than 400 years. The museum, founded in 1992 and located in a timber-framed building called [...] miners. In a reconstructed gallery visitors can learn about the different methods of underground mining from the beginning of the 20th century until the end of the regional lignite industry in the 1980s

Since 1963 the Museum of Chemistry has been in the fourteenth-century Thury Castle in the former coal-mining town of Várpalota, 80 km west of Budapest. The museum examines the history of chemistry, beginning

centre for ironmaking from the sixteenth century. In 1848 a large smelter and forge opened with coal mines and brickworks to supply it. It grew in the 1870s and 1880s with steel furnaces and rail transport

management system became part of the Mines of Rammelsberg and Historic Town of Goslar World Heritage site in 2010. The system of managing water for non-ferrous metal mining in the area was developed over a [...] enjoy following the watercourses through a beautiful natural landscape where mining was once so important. The Upper Harz Mining Museum offers special tours of the system underground. [...] access tunnels and underground drains. It enabled the use of water power and prevented flooding in the mines. The Harz waterworks (Harzwasserwerke) cares for 65 ponds and more than 70 kilometres of watercourses

spectacular remains of the industry at the Llechwedd Slate Caverns. The ‘caverns’ are actually slate mines, although in the English language (and Blaenau is a Welsh-speaking town) they were known locally as

applied to road-making from about 1812, and large-scale mining began in 1873. Asphalt from the Val-de-Travers was exported to many other countries, and mining continued until 1986. Galleries extended for 100 [...] guided tours, during which visitors can learn about the use of explosives, the drainage systems in the mines, and can see tools and equipment used by the miners. They can also taste ham cooked in asphalt, a

canton of Berne began to produce salt at Bex by evaporating brine, and mining on a large scale began in the 1680s. A new company, Les Mines et Salines de Bex was established in 1867 to co-ordinate production [...] 1826 to serve as a reservoir. The conservation of the mines is supported by a voluntary organisation, L’Association pour la mise en valeur des Mines de Sel de Bex, established in 1982. [...] Visitors to Bex, 20 km south of Montreux, are able to see Switzerland’s only working salt mine as well as extensive displays illustrating the history of the salt industry in the region. In the 17th century

southern Poland. Its salt mine, supposedly the largest in Poland, probably dates from the thirteenth century, and was once part of the royal salt works administered from Kraków. The mine was first accorded [...] 2013 it became part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site when the designation of the mine at Wieliczka was extended. The mines has 4.5 km. of galleries at 16 levels between 330 m. and 468 m. below the surface [...] succession of chambers created by the extraction of salt. There are several underground churches in the mine, the largest of them the Chapel of the Blessed King, completed in 1782 as an enlargement of the Chapel

used at the mine and the dressing plant. The museum is the starting point for trails exploring the Grosse Pinge , which take in a powder house, headstocks and other evidence of Altenberg’s mining heritage [...] is situated just north of the border with the Czech Republic, 32 km due south of Dresden. Tin was mined in the area from the mid-fourteenth century until extraction finally ceased in 1991. The dominant [...] dominant feature of the landscape is the Grosse Pinge , a huge crater caused by the collapse of mine workings, about 12 ha. in area, 450 m. in diameter, and 150 m. deep. The museum is located in a large Pochwäsche

This mine open for visitors is in the Erzgebirge-Krušnohoří World Heritage Site on the border of Germany and Czechia. Silver was discovered near Freiburg in 1168 and mining continued until the 1990s.The [...] The Markus Röhling mine began to work in the sixteenth century. Its biggest ore deposit was found in 1733 and it produced large quantities of silver and cobalt ore until 1857. The mine was redeveloped in [...] 1950. From the earlier era of silver mining, a wooden water wheel 9-m in diameter has been recreated, which would have pumped water from the lower levels of the mine. Other operational machines are used

Since the early Middle Ages, metal mining has been a key economic activity in the Erzgebirge region. The development of the mine at Pöhla began in 1967 after drilling identified rich deposits of uranium [...] was discovered, it was extracted to make one of Europe’s largest mining caverns, measuring 45 m in length and 12 m in height. The mine was extended to reach the uranimum ore and bismuth through the tunnel [...] tunnel and shafts. However, the operation ended at the time of German Reunification. The mine opened to the public in 2007. Visitors take a 3-km train journey through the tunnel to the great tin deposit

The Krupka mining landscape is part of the Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region World Heritage site, where metal mining started in the twelfth century. Starý Martin (or Old Martin) was one of the most important [...] important mines in Krupka. In 1864, Schiller and Lewald excavated the Martin gallery into the Lukáš tin ore vein, which at 2 km was one of the longest in central Europe. Tin was mined in the Starý Martin [...] area until the 1980s. The mine opened to the public in 2000. Visitors have access to a half-kilometre-long gallery cut through rock, where they learn about the history of the mines, methods of roof support

because the Canadian company Gabriel Resources proposed to develop Europe’s largest open-cast gold mine, which would have involved the demolition of many homes. The proposal was eventually rejected by the [...] as an historic site of national importance, which should protect it from further developments. The mining museum provides access through adits to Roman workings, and its collection includes a Roman water [...] monuments of historical significance have been identified in the town. The ethnic diversity of past mining communities is illustrated by the presence of German and Hungarian schools, and places of worship

An exhibition on the history and present of shale mining can be found in Budišov nad Budišovkou, where clay slate mining has been practised since the 19th century. The museum documents the history with

S late was mined in the Raab adit in Zálužná for only 15 years, from 1873 to 1888. Mining was stopped because numerous accidents occurred during this short period, resulting in 6 fatalities. Since 2018

passenger coaches, freight and passenger wagons, some locomotives, trams and special vehicles for the mining industry and steelworks, in the first half of the 20th century military vehicles and armaments were