United Kingdom (essay "Industrial Revolution", sites of European Theme Routes, biographies) Lorenz Töpperwien , Cologne, Germany (Achor Points, Regional Routes "Ruhrgebiet" and "Industrial Valleys", translations [...] Verantwortungsbereiches des Autors liegen, würde eine Haftungsverpflichtung ausschließlich in dem Fall in Kraft treten, in dem der Autor von den Inhalten Kenntnis hat und es ihm technisch möglich und zumutbar [...] translations English <> German) Matthias Hennies , Cologne, Germany (industrial history of European countries, history of industries, translations German > English) Dr Peter Wakelin , Llangattock Lingoed, Abergavenny

ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF MONACO Listen The principality has been ruled by the Grimaldi family since 1297. They were stripped of their power during the French Revolution, but in 1861 France restored [...] the village of La Turbie. Last but not least, the annual Grand Prix, which, since the first race in 1929, past the former old gasworks in the hairpin bend called the "Gazomètre". The Grand Prix, is one of [...] A customs union followed. No industry of note developed in Europe's second smallest state, but the 1860s saw a pioneering economic revival. In 1861, the now legendary casino was opened, and a few years

the milestones of European industrial history. What is ERIH ? ERIH is the European Route of Industrial Heritage, a network of the most important industrial heritage sites in Europe. It is the common link [...] link landscapes and sites which have left their mark on European industrial history. Germany's Ruhrgebiet, for example. Or South Wales, a key region in the "world's first industrial nation". Both these areas [...] the tracks of the industrial revolution. Theme Routes take up specific questions relating to European industrial history and reveal potential links between radically different industrial monuments all over

Listen The conservation and management of industrial heritage requires a wide range of knowledge and skills. Industrial heritage is more than just industrial buildings and machinery, the "tangible" remains [...] different countries. It was also a platform for sharing and critically discussing experiences in the field of knowledge transfer and succession planning. You will find a summary of the presentations in our November [...] is in danger of being lost over time. Today, heritage organisations are increasingly facing the retirement of their first generation of professionals and volunteers - people who experienced life in these

enrich the Region. more Regional Routes in Spain South Wales Wales played a leading role in the formative years of the Industrial Revolution in the production of iron and steel, tinplate and coal. more [...] OPEN UP THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF A REGION Listen In many European regions there are few industrial heritage sites with touristic potential. Each of this regions has its own specialisms. In this respect [...] European industrial history. Germany's Ruhrgebiet, for example. Or South Wales, a key region in the "world's first industrial nation". Both these areas comprise a number of less significant industrial monuments

agricultural cooperatives. Much as in Denmark, the farmers succeeded in transitioning from grain exports to the production of milk products and ham, which were in demand in the West and generated greater profits [...] the 1950s. The chemical plant in Kėdainiai was founded in 1959, and is still in operation today under the name “Lifosa”; a factory for artificial fertilizer opened in Jonava in 1962, and is now operated by [...] great tracts of land remained in the hands of large landowners even after the formal abolition of serfdom in 1861. The rural population suffered under high unemployment. In the same year, 1861, the first

avoid industrial mass products. And the curved, organic forms of the "Art Nouveau" - in Germany "Jugendstil" - which was widespread throughout Europe, were readily realised in iron and glass - even in industrial [...] of fire in the British textile industry from around 1800. In a flax mill in Shrewsbury, for example, the architect Charles Bage combined cast-iron columns and T-beams with load-bearing masonry. In a fish [...] terminus in 1873. The most famous symbol of the time, however, is the iron tower built by the engineer Gustave Eiffel in 1889 for the World's Fair in Paris. Engineers gained increasing influence in the building

invested mainly in heavy industry and mining. They modernised the iron ore mine in Prijedor, today operated by steel conglomerate Arcelor-Mittal, and opened the Zenica steel works in 1893, which even after [...] . As in the other socialist countries, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia too launched its transformation into an industrial state with a massive expansion of heavy industry. Bosnia in particular [...] plant was built from scratch in Lukavac, and the expansion of the iron works doubled the population of Zenica. Bauxite mining began in the eastern part of the country in 1959, which gave rise to a significant

Companies werne established mainly in the metal, machinery and apparatus industries, , and many of these businesses are still in operation today. The Scana cannery, which opened in 1935, developed into the food [...] one of the most industrialised countries in the world. Nevertheless, the majority of the workforce (62%) now works in the service sector: the financial services industry in particular has become an important [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF LIECHTENSTEIN Listen For centuries, this tiny Alpine country, founded in 1719, was considered the poor relation of Europe: situated in the Rhine valley, with Austria to the

will take place in front of, in and even on imposing industrial sites, making industrial heritage an attractive place to experience. The easy-to-learn 'WORK it Out' dance can be practised in advance using [...] music, which includes elements of Beethoven's European anthem 'Ode to Joy' in electronic dance style or as a rap version, is newly composed each year, as is the specially developed choreography, which translates [...] September 2024. At 24 sites in 9 European countries the participants danced to the music of Dario Schüler and the choreography of Truong Hai Le. Beforehand, we got people in the mood for the dance with

working emerged, but the strongest growth occurred in the area of oil production. In the region of Ploieʂti, where the first well went into production in 1858, more drilling rigs were built, and new oil [...] and the machinery sector expanded, and an aircraft factory even opened in Braʂow in 1925, but foreign debt continued to increase. In the course of the 1930s, Romania became increasingly dependent on Nazi [...] unemployment faded to nothing and industrial production exploded. The infrastructure was expanded as well: the Danube bridge between Giurgiu and Russe in Bulgaria opened in 1954. However, the massive Black

with practical project work. In preparation of the Summer School, the participants visit an industrial heritage site in their home country – preferably an ERIH site – which they present to their fellow [...] fellow students during their stay in Berlin. The first week of the Summer School focuses on acquiring knowledge about industrial heritage in its broadest sense. In the second part, small groups of students work [...] by exciting excursions to industrial heritage sites in Berlin. The 'European Industrial Heritage Summer School' is a joint program of ERIH, the Berlin Centre for Industrial Heritage (bzi) and the University

for people involved in industrial heritage tourism and it also engages in advocacy and lobbying in relation to industrial heritage. Knowledge: ERIH members benefit from exchanges in expertise and experience [...] European Union. In order to continue the network after the end of the project funding, the registered association ERIH-European Route of Industrial Heritage e.V. was established under German law in spring 2008 [...] founding members to over 350 from 27 European countries. Please click following to see the list of our members. ERIH members Members of ERIH are industrial heritage sites, public or private organisations

petrol from oil sources in order to fuel lamps. In 1840 a refinery was opened in Romania, and another in 1859 in Poland. There was a particularly large demand for petroleum in the west of the USA, where [...] but also planned power stations and grids. In 1882 he opened a central electricity work in New York. Companies in European countries were quick to follow: in Germany for example, the German Edison company [...] them in such a way as to enable the steam to drive the piston in both directions. He not only blew steam into the cylinder from below in order to drive the piston upwards, but also from above in order

1897 and 1913. In 1899, Giovanni Agnelli founded the Fiat works in Turin. Steel plants were built in Piombino and on Elba; the steel barons launched the powerful Ilva group in Genoa, which opened a plant [...] economic decisions in the 19th century: Naples, for instance, was still one of Europe’s leading manufacturing cities in the 18th century. Italy’s history was not lacking in economic innovations: in the Middle [...] first railway was laid from Naples to the nearby Portici industrial region in 1839. The modest industrial upswing continued after national unification in 1861, but the new national currency, the lira, crippled

of complete regions. In the 19th century there was a rapid growth in overexploitation. In Blaenavon in South Wales, for example, one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution, an ironworks with three [...] conflict which exploded in the French Revolution between peasants, citizens and aristocrats in 1789, he strove to find a "middle way" by means of enlightened absolutism. This can still be seen in the gardens [...] areas of industrial landscape. But for centuries before people had been shaping new landscapes: everywhere where valuable treasures were to be found in the soil. At the end of the 17th century in the Netherlands

was conscripted in all occupied countries: First in the Czech Republic and Poland, then in Western Europe, with Russians and Poles eventually forming the vast majority. On farms and in private households [...] labourers was established in the Soviet Union in 1919, and by 1930 a network of more than 200 labour camps had been set up in the north of the USSR and in Siberia. The name "Gulag", by which it became known, stands [...] THE DARK SIDES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: NAZI AND OTHER FORCED LABOUR Listen Forced labour is difficult to distinguish from other forms of economic exploitation. In pre-industrial times, it can be understood

ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF BELGIUM Listen The industrial age of the European continent began in Belgium, where conditions were similarly good to those in England: coal had been mined in the valleys of [...] also a pioneer in finance and played an important role in the development of the Ruhr region in Germany. The big push began after independence in 1830. Brussels was modernised, and industrial firms settled [...] begun producing zinc in 1837. In the coal mines, which were largely in the hands of French bankers, production rose steadily, but at the same time the area - especially the "Borinage" in the far west - gained

Knights of St John, which had relocated its headquarters from Rhodes in 1530 in the face of the advancing Ottoman threat. However, the Industrial Revolution, which began in England in 1767 with the invention [...] it for a major role in naval matters in particular. For several centuries, a profitable textile industry also developed on the basis of cotton, which the Arabs brought to Malta in the 9th century. The [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF MALTA Listen Malta and its surrounding islands have very little in the way of natural resources. Only the limestone, which is suitable for making cement. Additionally, the

rather sweetish back then. In Antiquity, people showed little interest in beer as it was wine which dominated in popularity in the Mediterranean, and mead which was popular in those areas of Europe inhabited [...] reflected in the cultural landscape of Europe. In the Early Middle Ages, it was in particular monasteries where beer was brewed in volume; in fact, the remnants of beer production can be found in some monasteries [...] beer, such as the Guinness brewery in 1759. Worth mentioning is the founding of the Burghers’ Brewery in Pilsen (today’s Pilsner Urquell brewery) in the year 1842, which gave birth to the entire beer category