industrial development. He founded or supported an extraordinary number of enterprises in diverse industries across four decades through his leadership of the investment bank Privatbanken. Tietgen was born [...] newly created Privatbanken. Within a few years, Tietgen was leading initiatives to invest in Danish industries. The bank held shares in many of the companies and Tietgen frequently held shares himself and took [...] efficiencies and create virtual monopolies. He did this in the sugar, chicory-coffee and spirits industries among others. In 1869, he joined with other bankers internationally to create the Banque de Paris

country. He worked in the cotton industry in Britain and then helped to establish mechanised textile industries in two regions – the city of Hamburg and lower Austria. He grew up on a farm in Yorkshire. His [...] rs. At this time, Britain banned the export of machinery from the country’s innovative textile industries and the emigration of skilled workers, but entrepreneurs in Europe and America were keen to compete [...] Pottendorf. He also supplied equipment for weaving, aiding growth throughout Austria’s textile industries. His brothers followed him to Austria and were involved with cotton mills close by: Joseph Thornton

Novartis AG. Sandoz was born in Basel when the dye and bleach industries there were evolving rapidly alongside the Swiss textile industries. His father was a cloth merchant. At the age of 19 he took an [...] Basel in Switzerland is one of the world’s centres of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Edouard Sandoz created one of the leading companies in the sector in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

mills for the woollen and flax industries were built, notably by Wendisch in 1827 and Gayers in 1835. However, tariffs between Poland and Russia caused the industries to decline. When tariffs were removed [...] Karl (or Karol) Scheibler learned about the mechanised textile industries in several parts of Europe and took his knowledge to Łodz in Poland. The factory he built there in 1855 was one of the biggest

and provided gas lighting for Seville in Spain. He undertook the construction of the Palais de l'industrie for the international exhibition in Paris of 1855, for which he was awarded the legion d’honneur

Inspector General of Foreign Manufactures. He liaised with other Englishmen who were developing industries in France. He established new textile workers’ colonies at Sens, south of Paris, and Bourges, in [...] sulphate of various metals. This achievement was critical to the development of French chemical industries. In 1766 Holker and his wife took French citizenship. Despite acquiring little ability to speak

However, when he showed one for automating pattern weaving in 1801 at the Exposition des produits de l'industrie française in Paris he was invited to join the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers . There he improved

Comité d’information et de liaison pour l’archéologie, l’étude et la mise en valeur du patrimoine industriel (CILAC) and was the organisation’s vice president from 1978. He was largely responsible for the [...] most important are Industrial Heritage: a new territory (with Grace Dorel-Ferré, 1996) and Luxury Industries in France (1998)

Knut retired in 1911. Markus was involved with the development of important Swedish and Norwegian industries. In 1898 he bought the Swedish license for the Diesel engine and founded Diesels Motorer at Stockholm [...] engines. With the Norwegian Sam Eyde he founded Elkem (Det Norske Aktieselskap for Elektrokemisk Industri) and the Norsk hydroelectric company, which made Nitrogen fertiliser at Notodden. He also founded

The ability to bleach products was increasingly important during the Industrial Revolution as industries such as cotton manufacturing and papermaking grew rapidly. In traditional bleaching, materials were [...] Charles Tennant, made it far easier to transport and use. It became a pillar of the new chemical industries. Charles Tennant was born into a farming family in Ayrshire, south-west Scotland. As a boy he was

in the Niederrheinhütte (Lower Rhine ironworks) at Duisburg, but also did much to encourage new industries by investing in plants making wood pulp, paper, cellulose and rayon.

John Haswell was one of several nineteenth-century Scotsmen who established large scale industries in continental Europe. He was born in Glasgow, studied at the university in that city, and subsequently

established the Keiller brand of marmalade, but he achieved success in another country and in other industries. At the age of 21 he moved to Göteberg where his family had links with the timber trade, and in

and Hilla Becher (née Wobeser) transformed the ways in which we all view the monuments of past industries, showing that ruins can have dramatic and aesthetic qualities. Bernd Becher was born in the Siegerland

numerous initiatives recording industrial heritage in Sweden, with ironworks, water power, forest industries, and pulp and paper mills. In 1976 she wrote guides to the ironworks at Engelsberg, which subsequently

became the predominant material used in construction. The invention transformed the iron and steel industries world-wide. Göransson was the first manufacturer to demonstrate the successful application of the

Gutiérrez de Cabiedes was one of the business people responsible for the growth of the iron and steel industries in the Basque Country. He had diverse commercial interests in banking, mining and railways but

course J R Geigy merged with another of the giant Basel chemical firms, Gesellschaft für Chemische Industrie in Basel (or CIBA), and long after the death of J R Geigy Ciba-Geigy made a further merger with

French aluminium industry and the introduction of the Martin-Siemens processes in the iron and steel industries. His son of the same name (1850-1936) became famous as a professor of chemistry.

Knoop went to Moscow. He was only 19 years old but he saw opportunities to expand the textile industries in the Russian Empire, bringing his direct knowledge and his connections with English cotton suppliers