almost ceased by the time of his death. The development of this small concern into the largest industrial company in Europe was due largely to his son, Alfred Krupp. When the building of main line railways was [...] workforce, but they were a means of enforcing industrial discipline, as well as means of philanthropy. Krupp`s own mansion, the Villa Hugel in Essen-Bredeney, is conserved as a museum. Krupp's family continued [...] 1840s, and by the late 1880s armaments comprised 50% of the output of his company, which, with 20,200 employees was claimed to be the largest industrial concern in the world. Krupp gained a reputation as

1929 part of Wuppertal), where his birthplace, a bourgeois house of 1775, is preserved as part of the city`s history centre, which also includes a museum of industrial archaeology. He was the son of a cotton [...] Friedrich Engels wrote one of the classic critiques of the consequences of the Industrial Revolution in England, devoted much of his life to supporting and publicising the writings of Karl Marx, and was himself [...] years in the employment of a merchant in Bremen, before moving to a managerial post with the family concern in Manchester, one of many Germans who worked in the textile cities of northern England during

Europe. He was the son of the pot founder Isaac Wilkinson (1695-1784) and the younger brother of John Wilkinson (1728-1808) the most prominent ironmaster of the British Industrial Revolution. Both William [...] Creusot, the first stage of which included four blast furnaces, and 24 km of iron railway. The last stages of the journey from Bersham to Le Creusot of a steam engine cylinder inscribed ‘Wilkinson’ were [...] at Indret near the mouth of the Loire were executed by Pierre Toufaire, but the works was unsuccessful and produced few cannon. Ignace de Wendel, an artilleryman, and a member of a family with long experience

director who made two documentaries that are of importance to students of industrial history. He had an individualistic style that fits into no particular school of film-making. Born at Fougeres, he did several [...] steelworks (on the scale of the preserved works at Völklingen), in the Saar. It was intended as a celebration of Guy Monnet’s plan for the modernisation of French industry as part of the European Coal and [...] furnaces, and some of the accidents that from time to time kill or disable the workers. The following year Franju made Hotel des Invalides, an ironic critique of France’s principal military museum. He directed

understanding of the process of industrialisation in Europe. The implications of the first sentence of his Communist Manifesto of 1848, ‘The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles’ [...] contacts with Engels. He spent much of his time studying in the library of the British Museum and wrote a succession of lengthy works on philosophy and political economy, some of which remained unpublished until [...] vocabulary of many accounts of industrial development, even those written by writers with philosophies directly opposed to Marxism. Karl Marx was born in Trier and studied at the universities of Bonn and

his collection to the Ateneum museum in Helsinki. The development of the Gosta Serlachius Museum of Fine Arts was encouraged by his son R Erik Serlachius (1901-80). The museum was opened in 1945 at the family [...] Gösta Serlachius was one of the leading Finnish entrepreneurs of the first half of the 20th century, an important figure in politics and military affairs, and a connoisseur of the arts whose collections [...] a succession of mergers in the late 20th century and is now part of the Metsa-Serla group. The White House in Mantta, its headquarters building of 1934, now houses the G A Serlachius Museum that interprets

Sacchi was a maker of wooden models whose work had a profound influence on the design of consumer goods in the second half of the 20th century. He was born in the industrial community of Sesto San Giovanni [...] the north-eastern side of Milan, and lived most of his life in that area. He learned his skills with wood as an apprentice pattern maker from the age of 12 in the Milan foundry of Ceresa e Boretti. He [...] in 1998 through lack of a successor. His work has been honoured by exhibitions in galleries in many countries. The contents of his workshop and its archives are held by the Museum of Industry and Labour

was the son of a military officer, was educated at the University of Uppsala and gained his first employment as a teacher. In 1869-71 he was involved with the production of a dictionary of the Swedish [...] views of the past, similar to those of contemporary composers and poets, with practical abilities and political insights that enabled him to achieve so much. He collected buildings from all parts of Sweden [...] mid-19th century. As a museologist Hazelius has had a powerful influence on the presentation of the industrial heritage throughout Europe that extends to the present day.

Atkinson was the founder-director of Beamish, the museum’s inspiring genius, and an influential advocate over many years for the conservation of the industrial heritage of North-East England. He was born [...] Yorkshire, the son of a plumber and grandson on both sides of his family, of miners. He was an enthusiastic collector from an early age, and at the age of 16 determined to follow a career in museums. He studied [...] the University of Sheffield, after which he was employed for a time in a coke works before obtaining a job at the museum at Wakefield. In 1952 he embarked on a tour of open air museums in Scandinavia and

ironworking city of Nizhny Tagil in the Urals where they were bound as serfs to the Demidow dynasty of industrialists. From 1820 Yefim was chief mechanical engineer for the various industrial complexes in [...] Cherepanovs are commemorated by a monument in Nizhny Tagil, and models of their locomotive are displayed in the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow. [...] and saw mills and flour mills in the Nizhny Tagil region. From 1820 he built about 20 steam engines of various kinds. He spent some time in England in the 1820s, and on his return, in 1833-34, he and his

historian and to found a museum of working class life in the town of his birth. Karl Flanner was born in Flugfeld, a working class quarter of the industrial city of Wiener Neustadt, the son of a leather worker [...] he was one of the founding trustees of the Industrieviertel-Museum (Industrial District Museum) in the city and served as its director. The museum’s displays include one that tells the story of slave labour [...] labour under the Nazi regime, and of its links with factories in Wiener Neustadt. Karl Flanner was a member of the board of trustees of DÖW, the Vienna-based documentation centre for the resistance movement

one of the pioneers of the heritage railway movement in the United Kingdom, which influenced the preservation of historic lines across Europe. He was the son of Francis Pegler, managing director of the [...] the project to preserve the Festiniog Railway in North Wales. He cleared the debts of the existing company, was chairman of the new company set up to work the line from 1954, and remained in touch will the [...] government-backed tour of the United States intended to promote British business. The train progressed from coast to coast but completed the tour in San Francisco in 1971 with a burden of debts. The new Co

The Scotsman John Baildon was one of the pioneers of industrial development in Upper Silesia, now in Poland but in Baildon’s lifetime part of Prussia. He was born at Larbert in Stirlingshire and studied [...] and 1812, as was Reden, in the construction of the 46 km Kłodnica Canal built 1792-1812 from Kózle on River Oder to Gleiwitz, primarily for the conveyance of coal and metallic ores. In 1798 he was appointed [...] mechanics in his youth before working at the Carron ironworks. He went to Silesiain 1793 at the invitation of Count Friedrich von Reden (1772-1815). His first task was to build coke-fired blastfurnaces at Gleiwitz

interest in Industrial Archaeology developed in the 1970s under the influence of the historian Maurice Daumas (1910-84). He began to advocate in use of field evidence in the study of industrial and economic [...] responsible for the fourth meeting of The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage (TICCIH) at Lyon and Grenoble in 1981 which led to the setting up of a group responsible for es [...] national inventory of industrial heritage at the Ministry of Culture in 1984. He actively promoted research at the EHESS where he developed links with Francophone communities in other parts of the world, pa

Kenneth Hudson was one of the pioneers of the study of industrial heritage, not only in his native England but across most of Europe. He was born in north London and studied English at University College [...] European Museums Forum. He wrote more than 50 books many of them on topics related to industrial heritage or museums but some on entirely different subjects. Amongst the most influential were Industrial Archaeology: [...] European Museum of the Year award in 1987. His name is retained in the Kenneth Hudson award for the most unusual and daring achievement that challenges common perceptions of the role of museums in society

attending an industrial archaeology conference in Bath, and, as a result of contacts made there, was a delegate in 1973 at the First International Congress on the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage (FICCIM) [...] appointed to the first professorial chair in industrial heritage research at the University of Uppsala where she established the Nordic/Baltic Industrial Heritage Platform, an international programme for training [...] who came to be fascinated by the industrial heritage and greatly influenced its development not only in Sweden but across most of Europe. She studied at the University of Uppsala, with which she maintained

power and hundreds of workers. When Brügelmann built his factory at Ratingen, in North-Rhine Westphalia in 1783-4 he gave it the name Cromford. The building is now an industrial museum. Brügelmann grew up [...] Albrecht Delius made industrial espionage visits to Britain in 1781 and 1782 to draw plans, get copies of machines and recruit a worker who could operate them. To be beyond the control of the old guilds, [...] mansion for his family in 1787-90 next to the factory, which can also be visited as part of the museum. The community of workers’ dwellings that he built also survives. In 1789, he expanded with a works for

several parts of Europe and took his knowledge to Łodz in Poland. The factory he built there in 1855 was one of the biggest in the world, covering 168 hectares. The population of Łodz as an industrial city grew [...] took over the factory. In 1852, he began to develop a series of cotton factories in the city of Łodz. By 1870, his company was the largest of its kind in Poland and employed nearly 2,000 people. He continued [...] station and workers’ settlement at Księży Młyn are preserved. Schiebler’s mansion there is now the museum of cinematography. His wife built a massive gothic mausoleum for him at Łodz.

Macclesfield in Cheshire. The Derby Silk Mill is a museum on the site of the Lombe brothers’ mill. It is part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage site. [...] Lombe’s industrial espionage in Italy. He died aged only 29, possibly murdered for stealing trade secrets. The Lombe brothers came from a family of wool and silk weavers at Norfolk in the east of England [...] Italy, where aspects of the factory system were pioneered in the seventeenth century. In 1714, with money from his older brother Thomas, John Lombe went to Piedmont in the Kingdom of Sardinia. He visited

Steam power was one of the critical innovations of the industrial revolution, allowing mechanical power to be concentrated wherever it was needed. The evolution of the technology relied on many inventors [...] makers who gradually spread the use of engines to all parts of the world. Richard Williams was an engineer from England who moved in the 1780s to the southern German state of Saxony to build beam engines. The [...] beam engine was built in 1712 by the English ironmonger Thomas Newcomen. The value of engines in pumping water out of mines was immediately recognised and after 20 years about 100 were in use. Many inventors