James McGuffog, a draper in Stamford, Lincolnshire, before spending time in the retail trade in London and Manchester. He was appointed manager in 1792 of a mill in Manchester in which 500 people were employed [...] of the Industrial Revolution, a successful and philanthropic factory owner, a pioneer of co-operation and a thinker who inspired socialist movements in many countries. He was born in Newtown in mid-Wales [...] at Orbiston in Scotland in 1825-29, Manea Fen in Cambridgeshire in 1838-9, and Harmony Hall, Queenswood, East Tytherley, Hampshire, in 1840-45. Owen withdrew from the New Lanark partnership in 1829, set

motors for industrial use. This began a revolution in mechanical power, in which designs were continuously improved and developed in many countries. Tesla developed small electric motors for use in domestic [...] n. He was born in the Austrian Empire and died a naturalised citizen of the United States. His father was a parish priest in the village of Smiljan, now in Croatia. He went to school in the city of Karlovac [...] Company in 1887 and set up a laboratory in Manhattan. In 1888 he patented the first induction motor that ran on alternating current (AC). The design was licensed by the Westinghouse company, which was developing

published in 1867. He maintained links with revolutionaries in many countries, particularly through the First International, formed in 1864. His analysis of economic history, that industrial capitalism [...] revolutionary rising in June of that year, about which he wrote an incisive pamphlet. He moved to London in the following year and remained there for the rest of his life, living in relative poverty with [...] it as stimulating, but his vision of a future in which communist revolution would be followed by the withering away of the state has materialised neither in those states that have adopted a supposedly Marxist

an entrepreneur and industrial spy who spread new cotton manufacturing technologies from England to Belgium and France at a key point in the early Industrial Revolution. He was born in Ghent, where his father [...] required the repayment of its loans and Bauwens was made bankrupt. He died in Paris in 1822. A statue of him was put up in Ghent in 1885 in the square named after him. [...] loans for his factories and set up more elsewhere in France and the Low Countries. He became mayor of Ghent in 1800. However, when Napoleon fell from power in 1814 at a time of difficult trading conditions

the chemist and entrepreneur John Roebuck influenced important developments in the British Industrial Revolution, particularly in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, iron production and the invention of the [...] acid, for which there was increasing demand. Roebuck developed a new method to make it in large lead-lined chambers, which was more economical than existing processes. He and Garbett decided in 1749 to establish [...] and taken up in other countries but Roebuck did not benefit as he had not taken out a patent. It continued to be used for two centuries. In 1759 Roebuck started an ironworks near Falkirk in Scotland that