Briton John Fowler was the first to use a steam engine to pull a plough instead of a team of animals. Towards the end of the 19th century, George Stockton Berry developed the first self-propelled combine harvester [...] as it had been in industry. Liebig's discovery, published in 1840, that the minerals nitrogen, potassium salt and phosphorus are essential for plant growth made it possible for the first time to produce [...] ON THE INDUSTRIALISATION OF AGRICULTURE Listen The Industrial Revolution was preceded by the first steps in a long-term 'agricultural revolution' that began in Britain in the 18th century and continued

Soviet Union’s economic model. Landholdings and businesses were nationalised, heavy industry was massively expanded. The first train went into service between Durrës and Pequin in 1947, and a rail network emerged [...] extremely low. Following World War I, Italian companies began extracting petroleum; beyond that, industry consisted of a handful of factories for producing foods and processing cotton, tobacco and wood [...] flowed into the country, and Russian specialists helped out with projects such as completion of the first hydroelectric plant in Selita. As the Soviet Union and its allies proved to be grateful buyers of

political role for the first time. His son Pau Xavier founded Andorra’s first, albeit short-lived, museum in Ordino in 1903. Tobacco farming emerged as a further important industry at the end of the 17th [...] government came from the family. Andorra tentatively began to open up in the first half of the 20th century, when the first roads to Spain and France were constructed. Even today, the country is entirely [...] financial institutions opened their doors, and the construction of the first ski lift in 1957 signalled the arrival of a booming new industry: tourism. Fuelled by a virtually complete exemption from customs

1870 that steam power began to replace water power. This major invention has a long prehistory: the first working model of a steam engine, built by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, was put into action to pump off [...] the Boulton & Watt factory began to deliver 'double-acting' steam engines. These proved to be the first really competitive universal engines, because they could be used on all sites independent of water [...] now began to shoot out of the ground. Steam power began its triumphal march in the booming textile industry, before moving over to coal mines and steelworks. The next fundamental improvement took place around

Yerevan was connected. Slowly, a working class formed and the first signs of urbanisation appeared in the mining centres. During the First World War and the following turmoil, the still agrarian, backward [...] and crops for export to the tsarist empire began, wine cultivation was intensified and in 1887 the first factory for cognac production was built in Yerevan – cognac still is Armenia's best-known export today [...] programme common in socialist economic policy. One focus was on energy supply: in Yerevan, in 1923 the first hydroelectric power plant was built, and in 1936, construction began on the Sevan-Hrasdan Cascade

over one thousand people. Howevere, the first car of K.u.K. (imperial and royal) Monarchy was built in Moravia in 1888. As in Western Europe an electrical industry emerged, also centred on Vienna, and electric [...] trade and travel. Nor could Trieste, the only sizeable port of the Habsburg Empire, develop into a first-class trading centre on the northern rim of the Mediterranean. Additionally, the nation’s elite were [...] Galicia. The Südbahn, or "Southern Line", ran via Laibach to Trieste; the Semmeringbahn, Europe’s first mountain railway, formed one section of this. The development of the polytechnic schools in Vienna

steel oil tanks and laid the first pipelines from the oil wells to their refinery. To accelerate transport to the heart of the Russian Empire, they commissioned the first ocean-going oil tanker to carry [...] and Gas University, was founded in 1920 as the first institute for the training of petroleum engineers. Production of natural gas began in 1928. The first offshore drilling in the Caspian Sea was undertaken [...] Related Links WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Azerbaijan WIKIPEDIA: Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan History of development of oil industry World Atlas: The biggest industries in Azerbaijan Neft Daşları. Oil platform

Russian Empire – only a few factories were established to process “home-grown” raw materials. The first steam engine was installed in a textile mill in the 1820s, and the subsequent years of the century [...] until the abolition of serfdom under Alexander II in 1861 and the construction of the railways. The first railway station was built in Hrodna (Grodno) in the extreme west of Belarus, where the link from St [...] in Wizebsk to sawmills in Minsk, mostly came from western nations. World War I was followed by a first phase of independence, but already by 1920 the “Belarus Socialist Soviet Republic” was governed from

"Société Générale", the first joint-stock bank, was founded and soon afterwards the Banque de Belgique. Both provided targeted investment capital for the development of industry: Belgium was also a pioneer [...] Brussels to Mechelen - the first section of the long-distance line from Antwerp via the burgeoning industrial cities of Liège and Verviers to Cologne, which was opened in 1843 as the first international railway [...] and efficient agriculture provided the large landowners with investment capital. Belgium was the first place on the continent where one of the revolutionary British steam-powered machines was installed:

heavy industry. Bosnia in particular profited from President Tito’s break with the Soviet Union in 1948: relatively far from the nation’s borders, it was considered a safe location for industry. Consequently [...] production of salt near Tuzla, where today this history is preserved by a museum, and expanded the first foundry near Priyedor, which also dates back to pre-Christian times. Trade began to flourish in Bosnian [...] mid-19th century, the reforming attempts of the ailing Ottoman empire began to have an impact: the first railway line between Croatia and Banja Luka, today the capital of the Republic of Srpska, was completed

remained a significant enrichment of the European industrial landscape to this day. Some of the very first industrial breweries still exist today, either fulfilling their original function or not. The majority [...] Water got into some of the containers, which started the process of fermentation, and thus the very first “beer” was born; although, from today, it was rather water with a pleasant intoxicating taste. Later [...] through a grain straw. A thousand years later, the Code of Hamurrabi, dated 2000 BC, referred for the first time to public establishments where beer could be purchased. Among other things, the Code of Hammurabi

impeted the path to industrialisation. Although a textile factory was founded in Sliven in 1834, the first in the entire Balkans, the country remained a predominantly agricultural nation for over one hundred [...] attained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1878 it lacked the capital required to build its industry: even then, the country was dependent on foreign investment. Still, further textile factories were [...] Gabrovo, the traditional centre for wool processing – along with food processing operations. The first railway line was built in 1866: from Russe on the Danube to the Black Sea port of Varna, the departure

ON THE HISTORY OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY Listen The emergence of the chemical industry was triggered by the mechanisation of English textile production in the second half of the 18th century. The output [...] became the first industrial chemical. Factories supplied acid mainly for pickling metals until demand exploded for bleaching linen and cotton. By the beginning of the 19th century, the first continuous [...] helped to alleviate hunger, but was first used to make explosives - without which the German Empire would probably have been forced to surrender at the beginning of the First World War for lack of ammunition

the chemicals used in the process made the paper industry the second greatest polluter of the environment in the 19th century, after the textile industry. Modern methods of printing received a decisive [...] telephones work on the same principle. At first only a very few people recognised the commercial potential of the telephone. In 1861, a German, Philipp Reis, was the first person to succeed in transmitting voices [...] people were able to communicate directly across oceans and mountains, and photography became the first mass reproducible art form. The initial wave of changes affected the traditional medium of paper.

y. In particular, Croatia’s tradition-rich ship-building industry boomed in the shipyards of Rijeka, Pula and Split. The petrochemical industry was established on the Adriatic island of Krk. The petroleum [...] agricultural sector and an acute shortage of capital. Wood-working was the most highly developed industry, particularly the construction of ocean-going ships in the Adriatic port of Rijeka and inland vessels [...] European “brother states”, socialist Yugoslavia’s government commenced an all-out expansion of heavy industry: oil and gas extraction, machinery, chemicals and transport had the highest priority, mining and

which became widespread in the first decades of the 20th century. Actually, the number of small workshops literally exploded. Around 1925, Solingen‘s cottage industry employed around 13,000 home workers [...] In addition, hardly any other industry boasts the same diversity of manufacturing conditions, which is due to the abundance of textile samples that still shapes the industry and enables even smaller and [...] remains of the cutlery industry have been preserved. The Belgian Gembloux was confronted with similar issues. On the contrary, Albacete, focal point of the Spanish cutlery industry, as well as Portugal have

Leitenberger commissioned the first water-powered, cotton spinning machine in Verneřice (formerly Wernstädt). The first mechanical loom followed in Varnsdorf in 1801, with the first steam engines appearing in [...] agricultural production but also established a considerable food industry, in particular the manufacture of sugar from beet and a brewing industry. They also invested in the textile, mining and iron industries [...] manufacture high-strength iron for making rails and other products. The chemical industry also flourished in the first quarter of the century, particularly thanks to the initiative of Bohemian entrepreneur

not until the 1950s that more Danes were employed in industry than in agriculture. Related Links ERIH Link List 1001 Stories of Denmark: Theme "Industry. From Mills to Computers" WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Denmark [...] second pillar of prosperity was international trade. In the 18th century, the neutral Danes profited first from the war between the great powers England and France and then from the American War of Independence; [...] about 1%, it gave a noticeable boost to the economy of the small country. In 1792, Denmark became the first European country to ban the trade in humans, but it continued illegally. Ultimately, Denmark’s successful

inevitable side effect of the industrial boom. From about the middle of the 18th century, the chemical industry also played its part in the increasing destruction of the environment. The mass production of the [...] deposited in landfills, from where water-soluble elements leached into the groundwater. London's first sewers emptied into the Thames just behind the city, so that floods pushed the filth back into the [...] but the fact that the wind simply carried the pollution further away was largely ignored. In the first half of the 20th century, wars and economic crises hampered research into environmental degradation

extensive destruction. It then became a part of the Soviet Union, whose first act was to exploit Estonian fuel deposits. The oil shale industry resumed production as early as 1946, and gas extracted from oil shale [...] HISTORY OF ESTONIA Listen After the Russian Czars assimilated Estonia into their empire in 1710, the first manufactories gradually emerged, such as the saw mill in Räpina, glass works at Põltsama and a porcelain [...] Tallinn’s port handled the second-largest volume of cargo in Russia, after Saint Petersburg. Prior to the First World War, it was expanded with shipyards, in particular for the Czarist navy. During the war, mining