ON THE INDUSTRIALISATION OF AGRICULTURE Listen The IndustrialRevolution was preceded by the first steps in a long-term 'agricultural revolution' that began in Britain in the 18th century and continued [...] decisive advance in the production of nitrogen fertiliser was the "ammonia synthesis", realised on an industrial scale in 1913 by the chemists Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch. It is still the most important method
For this reason the region around Zaandam is widely recognized as being one of Europe's earliest industrial areas. Around the middle of the 18th century people a small wind wheel began to be added to the [...] amounts of water. Finally an American by the name of Lester Pelton achieved a very high rate of revolutions by directing the concentrated power of a jet of water on to the turbine vanes. Nowadays his turbine [...] sites independent of water or wind. For this reason the steam engine is regarded as the mother of industrial cities, which now began to shoot out of the ground. Steam power began its triumphal march in the
parts of the young state. Related Links ERIH Link List Searching in History: The IndustrialRevolution in Belgium Industrial Heritage in Belgium WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Belgium World Atlas: What are the biggest [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF BELGIUM Listen The industrial age of the European continent began in Belgium, where conditions were similarly good to those in England: coal had been mined in the valleys of [...] Charleroi and Namur introduced steam-powered pumps which enabled greater depths to be explored and industrial-scale coal mining began before the turn of the century. The economy in Flanders and Wallonia received
also used. In the second half of the 19th century, during the "second industrialrevolution", chemistry became the leading industrial sector alongside electrical engineering. One reason for this was that [...] Production could now easily be increased by enlarging the chambers, and sulphuric acid became the first industrial chemical. Factories supplied acid mainly for pickling metals until demand exploded for bleaching [...] century, the first continuous manufacturing process was in place - a prerequisite for large-scale industrial chemical production. Soda, chemically "sodium carbonate", was also used for bleaching, but was
most surprising: in terms of per-capita income, the Danes were just as prosperous before the IndustrialRevolution! Perhaps this also explains Denmark’s extraordinary development path. As far back as the early [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF DENMARK Listen Not many nations have succeeded in managing the transition from an agrarian to an industrialised society. Most of the European countries, such as Hungary, Spain [...] outbreak of the First World War, agricultural products accounted for 60% of Danish exports, and industrial products only 10%. Processing of agricultural products led to the establishment of a specialised
ON THE DARK SIDES OF THE INDUSTRIALREVOLUTION: DESTRUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Listen With the industrialrevolution, humans have set in motion an ongoing, seemingly unstoppable process of ecological [...] environmental damage caused by the large-scale proto-industrial operations of the Romans in ancient times: ore smelters, glassworks, potteries and industrial bakeries not only consumed vast quantities of firewood [...] rivers of Europe's mining and industrial regions, whether the Tawe in Wales, the Rio Tinto in Spain or the Emscher in the Ruhr, pollution and fish kills were obvious, but industrial effluent continued to be
following the start of the IndustrialRevolution. There is a great deal of European common ground waiting to be discovered. For a start, the living and working conditions of the industrial age were more or less [...] states that formed the heart of the IndustrialRevolution, is to implement the master plan developed during ERIH I. The underlying objectives are to protect Europe’s industrial heritage sites and use their [...] (now dissolved) German Society for Industrial Culture (DGfI) proposed to implement a pan-European network that would help to support the establishment of industrial heritage as a tourism brand. The network
Silesia throughout history The industrialrevolution and the process of industrialization or e.g. 'European Industrial Heritage: The International Story' Overview of post-industrial sites enlisted on UNESCO [...] ACADEMY OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE ERIH'S PROJECT TO ATTRACT YOUNG PEOPLE TO INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE AS CARIER OPTION Listen All sites in Europe face the problem of finding well-trained staff, as industrial heritage [...] phenomenon Industrial heritage - the essence, definitions, attributes, categories, understanding of resources Consequences of the process of deindustrialisation for post-industrial communities, industrial heritage
Communication": retracing the tracks of the industrialrevolution. The result is a "circuit diagram" showing the connections between the main themes of European industrial heritage. In addition to the selection [...] Procedure Regional Routes European Theme Routes Industrial Architecture The continuous improvement in the processing of iron and concrete during the IndustrialRevolution opened up new and previously undreamt-of [...] – the key materials of the industrial era - from iron ore. First, the ore has to be smelted in the blast furnace. more Service and Leisure Industry The IndustrialRevolution resulted in more and more
ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF FINLAND Listen Finland’s rise as a prosperous industrial nation, which started in the mid-20th century, is due primarily to two very different factors: its extensive forests [...] of water power and an exemption from tariffs, the city of Tampere developed into a significant industrial centre. By mid-century, the cotton factory founded by Scottish entrepreneur James Finlayson alone [...] which were actively mined until 1989. Finland became independent in 1919 in the wake of the Russian Revolution. The young republic weathered the economic turbulence between the wars, and even the great crisis
ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF FRANCE Listen The industrialisation of France began late and proceeded so hesitantly that one cannot speak of an "industrialrevolution". The soils of the "Grande Nation" do [...] into the 20th century. Related Links ERIH Link List Searching in History: The IndustrialRevolution in France HpT: Révolution industrielle en France et dans le Monde (XIXe) WIKIPEDIA: Economy of France World [...] a huge blast furnace group began in Uckange. At the same time, industries of the "Second IndustrialRevolution" such as electrical engineering, chemistry and aluminium production became established. The
ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF GEORGIA Listen The peaks of the Caucasus to the north; the Black Sea to the west and the Caspian Sea nearby to the east: for thousands of years, Georgia has been at the crossroads [...] thirst for energy triggered a massive rush of development. The world’s most powerful banking and industrial dynasties descended on Georgia to secure the region’s petroleum. Walter von Siemens, the brother [...] independence after the First World War, which left massive devastation in its wake, and the 1918 revolution;, but the Soviet Union annexed the country in 1921 and started an extensive programme of indus
ARCHITECTURE The continuous improvement in the processing of iron and concrete during the IndustrialRevolution opened up new and previously undreamt-of potentials for architects and engineers. more MINING [...] MINING Coal from European and American collieries was the universal fuel during the IndustrialRevolution. Nonetheless technical inventions in mining played a relatively insignificant role. more PAPER It [...] HISTORY OF SELECTED INDUSTRIES COMMUNICATION The final phase of industrialisation witnessed a revolution in communications: circulation figures for newspapers reached hitherto unknown heights, people were
subjugation to the landowners following the revolution of 1848 result in any productivity gains. The Swiss foundryman Abraham Ganz is numbered among the few industrial pioneers of this era; he built an innovative [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF HUNGARY Listen For a long time, Hungary’s economy was dominated by foreign powers, starting with Ottoman rule in the 16th century. Development thus followed a painful, inefficient [...] years, Budapest developed into a booming metropolis, and new railways improved transportation. The industrial upswing in the core Austrian territories toward the end of the 19th century brought more and more
United Kingdom (essay "IndustrialRevolution", sites of European Theme Routes, biographies) Lorenz Töpperwien , Cologne, Germany (Achor Points, Regional Routes "Ruhrgebiet" and "Industrial Valleys", translations [...] IMPRINT Listen Copyright and legal responsibility ERIH - European Route of Industrial Heritage e.V. Dr Walter Hauser, President ERIH e.V. Office ERIH e.V. Christiane Baum Am Striebruch 42 | 40668 Meerbusch [...] translations English <> German) Matthias Hennies , Cologne, Germany (industrial history of European countries, history of industries, translations German > English) Dr Peter Wakelin , Llangattock Lingoed, Abergavenny
ON THE HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE Listen Two ever-improving materials radically changed construction during the IndustrialRevolution: iron, the key material, and concrete. Iron constructions were [...] the requirements of capitalist industrial production, which must always be technically and economically variable. Related Links History of Architecture – Industrialrevolution (18th century) & Revival (1880 [...] (1880 – 1940) A Guide To Industrial Architecture WIKIPEDIA: British industrial architecture Sites of the Theme Route
INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AZERBAIJAN The industrial history of Azerbaijan is largely a history of oil. Iron, copper and other ores also lie in the country's soil, but mining remained co [...] industrialisation of France began late and proceeded so hesitantly that one cannot speak of an "industrialrevolution". The soils of the "Grande Nation" do not contain ... more ICELAND For a long time, this volcanic [...] industries. Only potash, used in making fertilisers and in glass manufacture ... more BELGIUM The industrial age of the European continent began in Belgium, where conditions were similarly good to those in
overexploitation. In Blaenavon in South Wales, for example, one of the birthplaces of the IndustrialRevolution, an ironworks with three blast furnaces was erected, and this soon triggered off a dramatic [...] beneath eternal clouds of smoke. The largest industrial area on the mainland continent grew up at the end of the 19th century in north-west Germany. Industrial development along the Rivers Ruhr and Emscher [...] ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPES Listen It was only around the end of the 19th century, with the second wave of industrialisation, that exposed mining tips and soot-ridden workshops, endless
ON THE DARK SIDES OF THE INDUSTRIALREVOLUTION: INDUSTRIALISED GENOCIDE Listen The systematic mass murder of Jews and Roma and Sinti during the Nazi dictatorship in Germany is often characterised with [...] death" - and indeed the planned killing of some 6 million Jews could only be carried out using industrial processes. In the course of 1941, the Nazi leadership decided that the so-called "final solution" [...] approximately 1.1 million people died in Birkenau. The railway connection, which was essential for industrial facilities, was a decisive criterion in the construction of further extermination camps. As was
a result,, Italy’s first railway was laid from Naples to the nearby Portici industrial region in 1839. The modest industrial upswing continued after national unification in 1861, but the new national currency [...] well, and food manufacturer Círio opened its first factory, for canned goods, in Turin. The IndustrialRevolution swept the northern half of Italy between 1897 and 1913. In 1899, Giovanni Agnelli founded [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF ITALY Listen Italy’s lack of natural resources and long history of fragmentation were its greatest obstacles on the road to industrialisation. The disparity between North and
