than 2% of the German work force were employed in the military sector. In fact, most historians agree now that it was not the big armament companies who finally triggered the outbreak of WorldWar I. The [...] were used rather reluctantly and displayed their full potential only in WorldWar II. Whereas in the first two "industrialised" wars most military innovations had come from civilian sources, now the picture [...] armaments industries have evolved from the small worlds of bronze und iron casting into a multi-faceted, interdisciplinary economic sector. In the Second WorldWar, particularly in Germany, a rather unique measure
class formed and the first signs of urbanisation appeared in the mining centres. During the First WorldWar and the following turmoil, the still agrarian, backward country suffered severely from hunger and [...] catastrophic earthquake in 1988 and the wars with neighbouring Azerbaijan have further aggravated the dramatic economic crisis. Related Links WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Armenia World Atlas: The biggest industries in [...] 1956 by the highly respected mathematician Sergei Mergelian. The innovative computer families "Rasdan-2" and "Nairi" were developed there in the 1960s. The Museum of Science and Technology in Yerevan documents
EUROPEAN THEME ROUTES ILLUSTRATE THE CONNECTIONS Listen Currently ERIH presents over 2,400 sites of all branches of industry from all countries, that are partly or entirely considered part of Europe from [...] company museums and sites that offer factory tours and industrial heritage properties on UNESCO's World Heritage List. As an introduction to each Theme Route, we present the history of the development of [...] that exposed mining tips and soot-ridden workshops, endless terraces of housing ... more Industry and War The origins of gun powder can be traced to China. There the oldest recipe for mixing charcoal, salpeter
Industry and War Iron and Steel Landscapes Mining Paper Production and Manufacturing Salt Service and Leisure Industry Textiles Transport Water Xtra: Company Museums and Factory Tours Xtra: UNESCO World Heritage [...] “Clean and tidy and ready to be fired up once more”. That may be so. But blast… more ERIH PRESENTS over 2,400 sites from all European countries AMONG THEM OVER 100 ANCHOR POINTS Industrial History of 51 countries
by WorldWar II, but the dramatic regional imbalance remained. After WorldWar II, the government of the Soviet Union once again prioritised reconstruction of the devastated factories. The pre-war production [...] invested massively in the reconstruction and expansion of the industrial plants destroyed during WorldWar I. Among other projects, a steel plant and a tractor factory were comstructed in Charvik, a steel [...] locomotive factory in Luhansk. In 1932, the world’s largest hydroelectric plant was completed on the Dniepr. By 1937, the Ukraine was numbered among the world’s leading producers of pig iron and coal. The
via Brest (formerly Brest-Litovsk). Thus Minsk, too, received its own railway station in 1873. By WorldWar I, the rail network in Belarus was the most dense in the Czar’s empire, although a dire shortage [...] from the electric tram network in Wizebsk to sawmills in Minsk, mostly came from western nations. WorldWar I was followed by a first phase of independence, but already by 1920 the “Belarus Socialist Soviet [...] textiles. The harvester factory founded in Homel (Russian Gomel) in 1930 remains in business today. WorldWar II was a catastrophe that claimed over two million lives and destroyed over 80% of all factories
verändern, zu ergänzen, zu löschen oder die Veröffentlichung zeitweise oder endgültig einzustellen. 2. Verweise und Links Bei direkten oder indirekten Verweisen auf fremde Webseiten ("Hyperlinks"), die [...] Kraft treten, in dem der Autor von den Inhalten Kenntnis hat und es ihm technisch möglich und zumutbar wäre, die Nutzung im Falle rechtswidriger Inhalte zu verhindern. Der Autor erklärt hiermit ausdrücklich [...] dass zum Zeitpunkt der Linksetzung keine illegalen Inhalte auf den zu verlinkenden Seiten erkennbar waren. Auf die aktuelle und zukünftige Gestaltung, die Inhalte oder die Urheberschaft der gelinkten/verknüpften
labour was first used on a significant scale during the First WorldWar, when the German Reich employed nearly three million prisoners of war and civilians from abroad in industry and agriculture to replace [...] forced labourers. During the Second WorldWar, the Nazi German government used forced labour on an entirely different scale: more than 13 million civilians, prisoners of war from West and East, and concentration [...] millions of real and perceived political opponents followed. After the Second WorldWar, tens of thousands of foreign prisoners of war, Soviet soldiers released from German prisons and accused of treason, and
up with western Europe. But the radical reordering of south eastern Europe following the First WorldWar brought progress to a standstill: Hungary was partitioned from Austria and its sovereign territory [...] severe dependence on foreign capital and continuing rural unemployment. By the start of the Second WorldWar, industry had still not recovered to its previous level, the economic crisis triggered in 1929 added [...] plants in the area of Veszprém, financed by German capital. This trend continued through the Second WorldWar: Hungary’s economy boomed, particularly in the arms, chemicals and electrical equipment industries
in Russia, after Saint Petersburg. Prior to the First WorldWar, it was expanded with shipyards, in particular for the Czarist navy. During the war, mining of oil shale began in Kohtla-Järve, which ultimately [...] 1939 with the stationing of Soviet troops and the subsequent annexation by the USSR. In the Second WorldWar, Estonia successively fell under both Soviet and German occupation and suffered extensive destruction [...] full-fledged industrial settlement, and was for a time among the largest textile manufacturers in the world. As so often, railway construction provided the impetus for further foundings. A link from Paldiski
automated farms, which began in the USA, had a massive impact on European agriculture after the Second WorldWar. As farmers became more dependent on highly specialised chemical products such as seeds, fertilisers [...] the vast expanses of land and labour shortages, and where there was also a huge market. In the Old World, however, human labour continued to dominate agriculture for a long time. Although the first reaper [...] still the most important method of fertiliser production today and plays a vital role in feeding the world's rapidly growing population. Towards the end of the 19th century, the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's
after WorldWar I led to the founding of the “Kingdom of Serbs, Croatians and Slovenes”, which also included the former Habsburg Voyvodina, the “bread basket” north of the Danube. However, the war’s devastation [...] back and forth between farmyard and factory: a special class of worker-peasants emerged. Following WorldWar II, the massive efforts of the “Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia” delivered rapid successes [...] railway from Belgrade to Sarajevo in Bosnia through the rugged Sargan Mountains, begun before the War, was finally completed, and copper mining in Bor and cotton processing flourished. However, industry
independent state in 1878, the government worked to encourage the growth of industry. Up until WorldWar I, typical “entry-level” industries such as food production, textile manufacturing and wood- and [...] to Austria-Hungary. New canals facilitated shipping on the Danube. The peace treaties following WorldWar I granted Romania large territories, some of which were already industrially developed. Mines in [...] dependent on Nazi Germany. The country made the decisive transition to an industrial nation following WorldWar II. In line with Soviet directives, all private enterprises were nationalised by 1948. This was
Stockholm had the most telephones in the world. Sweden secured its status as a leading industrial nation in the first half of the 20th century. During the First WorldWar, Sweden’s unhindered industries supplied [...] industry now emerged with the companies Scania, Vabis and Volvo, followed by Saab after the Second WorldWar. In the economic boom after 1945, the Swedish Model, in which the state directs the labour and capital [...] capital, to get its debt under control. When Europe’s markets were plunged into crisis at the end of the war, the newly available investment capital stabilised the Swedish economy by supporting domestic demand
n took off rapidly, and the population of Riga quintupled between 1871 and 1913. On the eve of WorldWar I the “Baltic provinces” of Livonia, Courland and Estonia were more industrialised than any other [...] manufacturing cars and trucks under licence from Ford. The German and Russian occupations during WorldWar II delivered another bitter setback. Starting in 1945, the Soviets launched a large-scale reconstruction [...] sector – and here as well, Latvia and Estonia achieved the highest productivity in the Empire. The war left behind great devastation, and beyond that, the withdrawing Russians dismantled a large portion
revived, initially mining of pyrite, in demand on account of its sulphur content, and shortly before WorldWar I the American Cyprus Mining Company reopened the ancient copper mine at Skouriotissa. The Hellenic [...] near Mitseros in the Troodos Mountains starting in the 1920s. Copper mining was suspended during WorldWar II and again during the Greek-Turkish conflict in 1974. In the aftermath, the island, which attained [...] centres of Kouklia, Kolossi and Episkopi were no longer able to withstand the competition from the New World. The occupation of this strategically important island by Britain in 1878 finally delivered substantial
the country, and in 1915 the Altai Railway followed in the east. But then the First WorldWar, the Russian Civil War and a famine led to a catastrophe from which the country only recovered very slowly [...] grew and new food processing and light industry enterprises were established. During the Second WorldWar, industry grew because Moscow moved factories from contested western territories to Kazakhstan. [...] energy-rich Kazakhstan even has to import electric power. Related Links WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Kazakhstan World Atlas: The Economy of Kazakhstan ХХ ғасырдағы Қазақстан экономикасының дамуы (Development of Kazakhstan's
small operations, and technical innovation played only a minor role. After the Second WorldWar and the subsequent civil war, recovery was slow. The transportation infrastructure was improved further using [...] became a part of the Greek state in 1913. The Greek campaign in Asia Minor following the First WorldWar ended in disaster in 1922, but triggered an economic boom. Forced to accommodate over half a million [...] of desperately struggling to catch up. Related Links ERIH Link List WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Greece World Atlas: What are the biggest industries in Greece? Piraeus. Basileiades Shipyard
