Fokker supplied KLM and other European airlines with the Douglas DC-2 and DC-3 Dakota manufactured under license. After the Second World War the Fokker company was successful with the S-14 military jet trainer [...] in Mecklenburg, where, as Fokker Werke GmbH he had 55 employees. From the outbreak of the First World War the company was taken over by the German government, and produced about 3,000 planes for the country’s [...] His D-VIII, delivered from April 1918, was one of the most effective aircraft to be employed in the war. The destruction of remaining examples was specifically ordered in the Treaty of Versailles. Fokker

Franco-Prussian War in 1870. He then went to study at the polytechnic in Zurich, and subsequently to the Societe Alsacienne des Constructions Mecaniques at Mulhouse, which after the war was incorporated [...] articulated steam locomotives. After French forces briefly occupied Mulhouse early in the First World War, he organised an ambulance unit in the French army. He was taken prison, but when the German company [...] with two low-pressure cylinders driving the forward axle. His most celebrated locomotives were the 4-4-2s (Atlantics) built for the Chemin de Fer du Nord from 1890, three of which were supplied to the Great

kingdom of Prussia. When the area became part of Poland under the Treaty of Versaille after the First World War, his family moved to Berlin, where his father, Magnus Freiherr von Braun (1877-1972) held cabinet [...] rocket and jet propulsion research centre at Peenemunde in East Prussia, where he developed the A4/V2 rocket from drawings published by the American, Robert H Goddard (1882-1945). Series production of the [...] work under inhumane working and living conditions, tens of thousands of them met their death. As the war neared its end von Braun came under increasing suspicion from the government, particularly from Heinrich

Samson died in 1887. The company reached its peak by 1900, when it employed 2,000 people. However, following the First World War, the dissolution of the Zollverein and then the Depression caused it to decline [...] and absorbed by France. His brother Samson was born there in 1811. With the end of the Napoleonic Wars, in 1815, Luxembourg became an independent duchy. In 1828 the brothers had a workshop at Pafendal

containing reservoirs for sprinkler systems. His last mill, Magpie Mill No 2, was completed in Oldham in 1915. After the First World War there was less demand for new cotton mills and Stott turned his attention

shells for the French armed forces during the First World War, and in 1919 established his own car making company in Paris. By 1930 he was the world’s fourth largest car manufacturer. He established dealer [...] 1956. The archetypal car for rural Frenchman, the 2CV was planned to launched at the Paris Motor Show in 1939, but the intervention of the Second World War meant that it did not appear in public until 1948

and Telfunken to set up the first trans-Atlantic telegraph station. In the approach to the First World War the company was the subject of anti-German and anti-Jewish hostility and was forced to close. Weiller [...] Alsace, Weiller was sent away when the region was absorbed by Germany following the Franco-Prussian War. He was educated at the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris and Oxford University in England, where he read [...] Le Havre, where he could import copper and export his products easily. By 1898 the factory employed 2,000 workers. In 1901 the company was enlarged as the Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre (TLH) but a crash

Second World War when, as a Jew, his share in the rights for Chanel No 5, reverted to her, but he regained them after 1945. She had a ten-year affair with the British aristocrat Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke [...] with her workforce, who were all summarily dismissed on the outbreak of war in 1939 when she decided to close her shops. During the war she collaborated with the Nazi occupiers, who made use of her many c

only limited tasks in the production of complex ceramic wares. Wedgwood showed imagination and skill in marketing. He arranged displays of his ware in London under the patronage of Queen Charlotte, and exported [...] and in 1771-2 sent a succession of parcels of his products to members of the royal houses of Germany. In the 1770s and 80s he published catalogues in French, Dutch and German. His awareness of the importance [...] manufacturer in Europe. He made many notable contributions to the means of producing high-quality ceramic wares, and, in a broader sense, to the intellectual background to the Industrial Revolution in Britain.

the year in which he displayed at the Great Exhibition in London a flawless 907 steel ingot, and a 2.7 kg cannon. He followed the pattern of earlier generations of English ironmasters by vertically integrating [...] his company, which, with 20,200 employees was claimed to be the largest industrial concern in the world. Krupp gained a reputation as a benign employer. The company`s workers settlements, particularly Altenhof [...] to control the concern in the 20th century. Alfried Krupp (1907-67) was charged but not tried with war crimes for his use of slave labour during the Third Reich, but regained control of the company in 1953

cotton and linen and later printing wallpaper. As early as 1764 his factory covered an area of nearly 2 ha and ten years later it employed 900 people. He developed mechanization and integrated production [...] brother Frédéric with a canvas-printing factory, also in Corbeil. The disruption of the Napoleonic Wars caused a decline in business and the invasion by Russian and Prussian forces in 1815 resulted in the [...] the factory closing. Oberkampf died soon afterwards. His son Émile restarted it after the war. The printing works continued until 1843 and the spinning and weaving factory until 1894. The name Oberkampf

purposes during the Second World War, including one that could be launched as a surveillance aircraft from a submarine and one that carried heavy loads. At the end of the Second World War Focke worked with the [...] studied engineering at Leibnitz University in Hannover. His studies were interrupted by the First World War. Part of his military service was in the German air force. In 1924, he co-founded with his university [...] and then built the world’s first practical helicopter, called the Focke-Wulf Fw 61. This used powered twin rotors, unlike the unpowered rotor of the autogryro. In 1938 it set world records for flight duration

service, Deutsche Luftschiffahrts – the world’s first airline – began in 1910 and by 1914 it had carried nearly 40,000 people on 1,600 flights. In the First World War around 100 Zeppelins were used in aerial [...] the American Civil War. In Minnesota he met the German-born balloonist John Steiner and made an aerial ascent in a tethered hot-air balloon. Having taking part in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the [...] Zeppelin developed and manufactured the most successful rigid airships of all time and created the world’s first air-transportation business. His original ‘Zeppelin’ was launched in 1900 and his airships

were sole owners. The enterprise became Norway’s largest company, employing some 2,000 people. It produced 80% of the world’s cobalt pigment. The business was highly profitable but the economic crisis following [...] colour works’ – which was for sale. Established by King Christian VII in 1776, this was among the world’s largest producers of cobalt blue pigment. It consisted of cobalt mines, calcining kilns, a works

the outbreak of the First World War Dorothée Pullinger became a manager of a factory at Barrow-in-Furness that employed 7,000 women to make explosive shells. At the end of the war she jointed a new subsidiary [...] branches. During the Second World War she advised the British government on industrial production and the Nuffield (Morris) car company on women’s employment. After the war she sold the laundries and moved

built for the Swedish navy, and recognised their potential for road transport. During the First World War he worked on engines for flying boats and for tanks, and in 1915 established his consultancy Engine [...] the Triumph company, diesel engines for Citroen cars and various aero engines. During the Second World War he worked on the Whittle jet engine. His company still operates from the headquarters he established [...] established at Shoreham and is involved in the development of motor vehicles throughout the world. Sir Harry Ricardo is commemorated by an English Heritage plaque on the house where he was born and grew up in

slave labour systems imposed by Nazi and Communist governments before, during and after the Second World War are commemorated in several museums, notably that in Berlin. Karl Flanner suffered more than five [...] the son of a leather worker who was conscripted to work in an ammunition factory during the First World War. From an early age he was involved with left wing political movements, in particular taking part [...] Buchenwald, where he was one of the prisoners who seized power from the guards as the end of the Second World War approached. On returning to Wiener Neustadt he again joined the Communist Party, and was a member

Cattunmanufactur. In 1768 his dispute with the Augsburg weavers’ guild was settled in his favour. In 1770-2 he returned and built a three-storey factory just outside the city walls. It was designed by the architect [...] then returned ten years later but the business closed in 1808 under the disruption of the Napoleonic Wars. A section of the factory survives as a university building. The emblem from its gates and other material

died in 1909 leaving Louis Renault in sole charge of the company. He prospered during the First World War making aircrafts, aero engines and artillery pieces, as well as a variety of motor vehicles. Renault [...] 1938 and was a significant supplier of vehicles to the Wehrmacht before the outbreak of the Second World War. After the occupation of France his company provided the German armed forces with nearly 35,000 [...] rather than by machining on lathes. More than 600 French 750mm guns were destroyed in the course of the war by the premature explosion of shells. In the 1920s and 30s the Renault factory at Boulogne-Billancourt

the first car with pneumatic tyres in a race from Paris to Bordeaux in 1895. During the First World War the company produced nearly 2000 aircraft, and in 1916 built what is supposedly the first paved [...] itineraries for motorists in 1908 and in 1910 brought out the first Michelin road maps. After the First World War the scope of the guides increased. The first of the Guides Michelin Régionaux was published in 1926 [...] road signs and in 1937 it launched Metallic , the first tyres with steel casings. After the Second World War radial tyres were applied to trucks from 1952, earthmovers from 1959, aircraft from 1981 and motor