the mining resources of the family estate at Worsley near Manchester. Under his auspices a canal, 8 km long, completed in 1761, was built from Worsley, where it connected with navigable levels through

their father, the two brothers became partners in the Bersham works in 1774, while William had a 1/8 share in John’s ironworks at Snedshill, Shropshire. William left Britain for France in 1777, following

of life of domestic textile workers during the Industrial Revolution. Bamford was born in Middleton 8 km north of Manchester, the son of a muslin weaver, a dissenter in religion, who was also a part-time

Banks work in 1863 and immediately erected a 16 ha complex at nearby Newport, where by 1870 there were 8 furnaces. In the 1870s he acquired collieries at Hedleyhope and iron ore mines at Spawood. Samuelson

generally reckoned to be one of the outstanding locomotives produced in Europe. He also designed a 2-8-0 freight locomotive of which nearly a thousand examples were built, as well as passenger stock for

nal electrical engineering group. He had a reputation as a benevolent employer, having adopted the 8-hour working day as early as 1906, and as a philanthropist, founding the hospital in Stuttgart that

1839, and from 1841 his Railway Guide (effectively a timetable) was published monthly, growing from 8 pages when first published, to 32 pages in 1845 and 946 pages by 1898. Bradshaw’s first Continental

Arts to visit the Paris Exhibition, and to report on their findings. He left Coventry for Paris on 8 September 1867, and took the opportunity to travel more extensively, studying the textile industry in

carried public traffic and passengers. The gauge Stephenson chose for his railways, 1.435 metres (4 feet 8.5 inches) became the standard across Britain and much of the world. As the ‘railway mania’ began in

into steel, seamless steel tubes, rolled steel products, optics and building construction. He employed 8,000 people, held shares in other companies and was chairman of the Ford Motor Company in Romania. Malaxa

Reichstag for the German People’s Party (Deutschenationale Volkspartei), where he tried to abolish the 8-hour working day that he had previously negotiated with trades unions. At the time of his death, his

production increased to some 270,000 tons of pig iron by 1901. At this time Stumm-Halberg employed over 8,000 people. Stumm-Halberg had a dominating approach to personnel: he banned union membership and certain

designed a tram system for Pilsen, which opened seven years later. In 1896 he built a tram line of 8 km in the northern suburbs of Prague that passed his Karlin factory. This was followed in 1903 by his

national grid. They supplied Madrid from a station in the river basin of the Tajo (Tagus). In 1907-8, Urrutia founded sister companies, Hidroeléctrica Española and a distribution company, Unión Eléctrica

cottages and, in 1790, an ‘apprentice house’ with dormitories for around 90 child-workers from as young as 8 years. Most of the children were orphans or abandoned. They worked in the mill in return for food and

mechanics and saw early on the potential of steam power for water supply and other functions. In 1777-8 he and his brother Auguste Charles Périer founded a pioneering joint-stock company, the ‘Compagnie des