locomotives for the 114-km Paris to Orleans railway at Sharp, Roberts and Company in Manchester. For the next six years he managed workshops for the Saint Germain railway in Paris, which had opened in 1837 [...] and Africa. He was born at Tours in central France to a prosperous commercial family. He studied in Paris at the École Polytechnique and the famous École nationale des ponts et chaussées, which was established [...] Rothschild he opened an engine works in his own name, Ernest Goüin and Company, at Batignolles in Paris. It began by making locomotives for the Chemin de Fer du Nord. In the economic depression of the 1840s

Express running from Paris to Giurgowo, on the Danube in present-day Romania, where passengers embarked on steamers to Constantinople. A daily service on part of this route, from Paris to Budapest, began [...] Rome Express from Calais began to run in 1883, the Nord Express from Paris to St Petersburg in 1884, and the Sud Express from Paris to Lisbon, where connections were made with transatlantic steamers, in [...] Franco-Prussian War in 1870, but in 1872 he began to operate services from Ostend to Berlin, from Paris to Cologne and from Vienna to Munich, and the following year gained favourable publicity by providing

was 17 he was taken by the Duke to be a gardener at his house in Paris. After 6 years there he took a post at great Tuileries garden in Paris. He was responsible for the orangery, where trees were grown in [...] found other uses for his material, including rockeries, pools and pavilions. He showed these at the Paris Exposition universelle of 1867 and applied for a series of patents for garden pots, pipes, reservoirs [...] bois’). By 1869 he owned large workshops. After the interruptions of the Franco-Prussian War and Paris Commune, in 1873 he patented a design for bridges. In 1878, his vision for the material extended beyond

Trades in Paris. By 1786, the company supplied 20,000 private houses as well as numerous public fountains. However, it suffered from rising costs and falling share prices and the city of Paris took back [...] Jacques-Constantin Périer was born in 1742 into a family of merchants in Paris. He was self-taught in mechanics and saw early on the potential of steam power for water supply and other functions. In 1777-8 [...] brother Auguste Charles Périer founded a pioneering joint-stock company, the ‘Compagnie des eaux de Paris’, which won the right to supply water to private homes, public fountains and fire hydrants in the

manufacturing company that was influential not only in France but throughout Europe. He was born in Paris and when young visited the workshops of the steam-powered car manufacturer Gardner-Serpolet, which [...] Leon Serpollet (1858-1907). His family had a leisure-time home at Billancourt, then on the edge of Paris, where he stripped down motor engines. He assembled his first car, the Voiturette , in 1898, and soon [...] Renault Frères, with his brothers Marcel (1872-1903) and Fernand (1865-1909). Marcel was killed in the Paris-Madrid car race in 1903, and Fernand died in 1909 leaving Louis Renault in sole charge of the company

pioneer of refrigeration, for whom he worked in Winterthur, then in Paris and in Berlin. His first experiments with an engine were in Paris in 1885, and he was granted a patent in Germany in 1892. In 1893 [...] sparking plug, and could be operated with fuels that were cheaper than petrol. Diesel was born in Paris, the son of a Bavarian leather craftsman, and was educated at the Technische Hochschule, Munich. For

Mulhouse and, two years later, working as a colourist in Paris. In 1760 he opened a workshop for printing cotton fabric in Jouy-en-Josas, south-west of Paris, with partners from France and Switzerland and members [...] weaving factory until 1894. The name Oberkampf is preserved in the Rue Oberkampf and metro station in Paris.

provide the first public gas lighting in Paris. In 1826 Manby and Wilson took over the historic iron furnaces at Le Creusot and redeveloped them along with their Paris operation under the title Société Anonyme [...] to be rebuilt and launched. In 1822 it crossed the English Channel and went up the River Seine to Paris. Among the ship’s innovations were its steam engines, which were of the oscillating type in which [...] 1819 to industrial opportunities in France. In 1822 he opened an engineering works at Charenton near Paris. By 1825 it employed 500 people. It made France independent in the manufacture of steam engines. With

Paris, for many decades in the twentieth century, was one of Europe’s principal motor car manufacturing centres, and on a 19 ha site at Jarvel, on the River Seine in the 15 th arrondissement, André Citroën [...] built what was to prove the largest factory ever seen within the French capital. Citroën was born in Paris, the son of a diamond merchant who had moved with his family from Warsaw in 1873. He was inspired [...] French armed forces during the First World War, and in 1919 established his own car making company in Paris. By 1930 he was the world’s fourth largest car manufacturer. He established dealer networks across

ancestral name was Bonickhausen,. He studied chemistry at the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris, but became a railway engineer, designing stations at Toulouse and Agen. From 1864, when he was 32 [...] Giron in Catalonia in 1876-7, and other pedestrian bridges at Chaumont in the 19th arrondisement of Paris in 1867 and at Bry-sur-Marne in 1893-4. His best-known and most spectacular achievements were the [...] on frame for the Statue of Liberty, whose construction he supervised from 1885, and the tower in Paris, built in 1887-9 that marked the centenary of the French Revolution. While it was being built he was

while staying in Paris was inspired to set up a shoemaking business which he did on his return to Schönenwerd in 1851. He was successful and set up sales organisations for his shoes in Paris in 1870, and

the Lyon Méditerranée railway company. In 1857, this amalgamated with the Paris-Lyon line to form the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée. Talabot was Director General from 1862 for 20 [...] his father was a lawyer and president of the civil court. He studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris from 1819 and in 1821 began his career constructing canals at Brest in Brittany with the Corps des

company at Paris making non-alcoholic drinks. Other innovations around 1900 were a vegetable bouillon cube and a meat stock cube that wad an accessible price for ordinary people. He moved to Paris with his

born in Budapest but left Hungary with his family in 1919 to settle in Gstaad. He then studied in Paris with Leon Janssdy, the town planner, and Auguste Perret, a pioneer of concrete construction. He came [...] permanently in London late in 1934 and designed the children’s section of the British pavilion at the Paris Exhibition of 1937. In that year he built a terrace of three houses at Willow Road, Hampstead, one

exhibition on electricity in Germany, having been inspired by a similar exhibition that he saw in Paris. The following year, with Emil Rathenau (1838-1913) he became a director of the Edison corporation [...] objective of creating in Germany collections that are the equal of the equivalent institutions in London, Paris and Washington DC. Miller died during a visit to the museum.

) ordered that she should be protected after the liberation of Paris in 1944. She spent the next decade in Switzerland returning to Paris to re-establish her maison de couture in 1954, and living for the [...] Duke Dimitri Pavlovich (1891-1942), and in 1919 established a maison de couture at 31 rue Cambon in Paris. In 1920-21 she provided accommodation for the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) and gave

the cotton industry. At the age of 27 he opened his first cotton factory, which was at Passy near Paris. Very soon afterwards he opened two cotton factories at Ghent. He had seen in England the importance [...] conditions the government required the repayment of its loans and Bauwens was made bankrupt. He died in Paris in 1822. A statue of him was put up in Ghent in 1885 in the square named after him.

Wilhelm Hegel. In 1844 he went to Paris where he began a lifelong friendship with Friedrich Engels. The two were forced to move to Brussels in 1845, but Marx returned to Paris in 1848 where he witness the

ensured malfunctioning signals automatically displayed a safety position. When he visited the 1878 Paris World’s Fair he was inspired by seeing electric arc lamps demonstrated. He soon patented an automatic [...] Piett paper factory in PIlsen. His lamp won a gold medal at the World Electrotechnical Exhibition in Paris in 1881 and he set up a company to develop it. He produced the lamp in Bohemia while partners manufactured

oppressive aspects of working class life in industrial Europe in the nineteenth century. Zola was born in Paris, the son of a naturalized Italian engineer, but from 1843 spent his childhood years in Aix-en-Provence [...] vence. His family became poor following the death of his father in 1847 and he returned to Paris in 1858, finding employment as a clerk with a shipping firm, but also gaining the acquaintance of such artists