Pliny the elder in his "Natural History". The beginnings of many famous salt works which flourished for centuries lie in the early Middle Ages: Wielicka in Poland for instance, Lüneburg in Northern Germany [...] was well known in the early civilisations of Mesopotamia and Egypt and in antiquity was already produced on a proto-industrial scale. Apparently, the people of what is now Hallstatt in Austria were the [...] The most influential innovation in medieval salt production was the invention of leaching. Presumably it was used for the first time in Hallein in Austria's Salzkammergut: in the mine a space carved out of

abolition of serfdom in the Latvian regions of Livonia and Courland at the start of the century freed up an enormous labour force, and the first factories emerged in the cities. In Riga in particular, textile [...] further round of industrialisation. Starting in 1860, trains on the line from St. Petersburg and Warsaw stopped in Daugavpils, with Riga added in 1861. In the following years, the Russo-Balt Wagon Factory [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF LATVIA Listen Latvia’s industrialisation was quite similar to Estonia’s: in the 19th century, both countries were under the rule of the Russian czars, and both lacked classical

constructed in Salihorsk, one of the brand new suburbs, while a gigantic oil refinery was built in Navapolazk. The calculator factory MZVM opened in Minsk in 1958, the very first computer manufacturer in the Soviet [...] carbonate), used in making fertilisers and in glass manufacture, is available in plenty. Thus, in the 19th century – when the country was part of the Russian Empire – only a few factories were established [...] founded in Homel (Russian Gomel) in 1930 remains in business today. World War II was a catastrophe that claimed over two million lives and destroyed over 80% of all factories. In the course of reconstruction

working emerged, but the strongest growth occurred in the area of oil production. In the region of Ploieʂti, where the first well went into production in 1858, more drilling rigs were built, and new oil [...] and the machinery sector expanded, and an aircraft factory even opened in Braʂow in 1925, but foreign debt continued to increase. In the course of the 1930s, Romania became increasingly dependent on Nazi [...] unemployment faded to nothing and industrial production exploded. The infrastructure was expanded as well: the Danube bridge between Giurgiu and Russe in Bulgaria opened in 1954. However, the massive Black

called for industrial action. In the 1810s, handloom weavers in Glasgow, spinners in Manchester and miners in Northumberland went on strike. In 1824 they succeeded in overturning the ban on coalitions [...] the majority of the workforce in cotton mills. Child labour was gradually restricted in most European countries - in Prussia in 1839 under pressure from the military, which feared for the supply of suitable [...] fought for higher wages, although in many countries they were still closely monitored: They were not fully legalised in Britain until 1882 and in France until 1884. In the last third of the 19th century

became widespread in England. First in textile mills, which produced gas on site from coal, then for street lighting: cities built huge cylindrical gas tanks in central gas works, from which "town gas" was [...] bleaching powder available - practical for industrial use, but extremely harmful to health in production. Since its discovery in 1709, coke has been used in the iron industry for its high calorific value [...] from coal-rich regions were also used. In the second half of the 19th century, during the "second industrial revolution", chemistry became the leading industrial sector alongside electrical engineering

INDUSTRIALISATION OF AGRICULTURE Listen The Industrial Revolution was preceded by the first steps in a long-term 'agricultural revolution' that began in Britain in the 18th century and continued into the 20th [...] of meat (or a lot of milk). In addition to targeted breeding, artificial insemination, which had been developed in the Soviet Union and was quickly adopted in other countries, was also used for this purpose [...] was developed in 1837 by John Deere - later to become a major name in agricultural machinery - because the conventional cast steel ploughs had failed in the hard soils of the American West. In 1858, the Briton

and textile factories, has found new appreciation in the course of debates on post-colonialism. At least for the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England, concrete connections have now been proven: [...] America in the 18th century - more than any other nation. Proceeds from this flowed into the expanding industrial districts of northern England and Wales. In the industrialisation of Germany in the 19th [...] ON THE DARK SIDES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: SLAVERY AND COLONIALIMS Listen For some 75 years, historians have argued about the role that slavery and colonialism played in industrialisation. The key

factories in different countries, making huge profits, and thousands of workers migrated to the emerging industrial areas. Trade unions successfully fought for workers' rights, which became embedded in today's [...] unaware of this. The close-knit network of European industrial regions, which continue to inspire and strengthen each other, is something that most industrial monuments and attractions today do little to show [...] Programme, which recognises the network's contribution to the conservation and presentation of Europe's industrial heritage. This funding has enabled the production of this brochure, which aims to encourage

Listen The conservation and management of industrial heritage requires a wide range of knowledge and skills. Industrial heritage is more than just industrial buildings and machinery, the "tangible" remains [...] different countries. It was also a platform for sharing and critically discussing experiences in the field of knowledge transfer and succession planning. You will find a summary of the presentations in our November [...] is in danger of being lost over time. Today, heritage organisations are increasingly facing the retirement of their first generation of professionals and volunteers - people who experienced life in these

ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF MONACO Listen The principality has been ruled by the Grimaldi family since 1297. They were stripped of their power during the French Revolution, but in 1861 France restored [...] the village of La Turbie. Last but not least, the annual Grand Prix, which, since the first race in 1929, past the former old gasworks in the hairpin bend called the "Gazomètre". The Grand Prix, is one of [...] A customs union followed. No industry of note developed in Europe's second smallest state, but the 1860s saw a pioneering economic revival. In 1861, the now legendary casino was opened, and a few years

host rock, was also in demand in the Moorish era - and likewise in the subsequent heyday of the Spanish empire, which developed through the exploitation of the precious metal wealth in the South American [...] thorough modernisation of the industrial sector. The “Spanish Economic Miracle” which followed in the 1960s was due in large part to foreign auto makers like Fiat and Renault, which significantly expanded their [...] banned slavery, and in 1898 Cuba also became independent. In Spain itself, the first surge of industrialisation came when the first cotton factory to run on steam power opened in Barcelona in 1832. Mechanical

avoid industrial mass products. And the curved, organic forms of the "Art Nouveau" - in Germany "Jugendstil" - which was widespread throughout Europe, were readily realised in iron and glass - even in industrial [...] of fire in the British textile industry from around 1800. In a flax mill in Shrewsbury, for example, the architect Charles Bage combined cast-iron columns and T-beams with load-bearing masonry. In a fish [...] terminus in 1873. The most famous symbol of the time, however, is the iron tower built by the engineer Gustave Eiffel in 1889 for the World's Fair in Paris. Engineers gained increasing influence in the building

Batumi in 1930. A steel plant was established in Sestaponi in 1933, which forged special alloys using manganese from the mines of Chiatura. Starting in 1950, the Rustavi steelworks, the largest in the Caucasus [...] Silkworm Breeding, founded in Tbilisi in 1887. Today, a museum in the old institute building recalls Georgia’s lost silk manufacturing. A self-aware, working class developed in tandem with the industries [...] played an important role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Georgia declared independence after the First World War, which left massive devastation in its wake, and the 1918 revolution;, but the Soviet Union annexed

does not exist. SITEMAP Home I want to go there! How it started The Industrial Revolution in Europe Industrial History of European Countries Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia [...] Objects and Stories "Linking Europe" ERIH Industrial Heritage Barometer Exchange programme "ERIH on TOUR" European Academy of Industrial Heritage European Industrial Heritage Summer School Succession Planning [...] n of Power Brewing of Beer Chemistry Communication Cutlery Housing Industrial Architecture Industry and War Iron and Steel Industrial Landscapes Mining Paper Production and Manufacturing Salt Service and

SITEMAP Home I want to go there! How it started The Industrial Revolution in Europe Industrial History of European Countries Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina [...] Objects and Stories "Linking Europe" ERIH Industrial Heritage Barometer Exchange programme "ERIH on TOUR" European Academy of Industrial Heritage European Industrial Heritage Summer School Succession Planning [...] n of Power Brewing of Beer Chemistry Communication Cutlery Housing Industrial Architecture Industry and War Iron and Steel Industrial Landscapes Mining Paper Production and Manufacturing Salt Service and

for people involved in industrial heritage tourism and it also engages in advocacy and lobbying in relation to industrial heritage. Knowledge: ERIH members benefit from exchanges in expertise and experience [...] European Union. In order to continue the network after the end of the project funding, the registered association ERIH-European Route of Industrial Heritage e.V. was established under German law in spring 2008 [...] founding members to over 350 from 27 European countries. Please click following to see the list of our members. ERIH members Members of ERIH are industrial heritage sites, public or private organisations

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN EUROPE Listen The industrial revolution in Europe didn't happen overnight but only spread over the continent very gradually. One of the triggers was the unusually high growth [...] age insurance for workers in the 1880s. But at the same time the tempo of mechanised work increased, and in many industrial countries thousands of people continued to live in overpopulated slums with [...] area of land. Related Links WIKIPEDIA: The Industrial Revolution History Discussion: The History of the Industrial Revolution La diffusion de la révolution industrielle en Europe continentale European

Companies werne established mainly in the metal, machinery and apparatus industries, , and many of these businesses are still in operation today. The Scana cannery, which opened in 1935, developed into the food [...] one of the most industrialised countries in the world. Nevertheless, the majority of the workforce (62%) now works in the service sector: the financial services industry in particular has become an important [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF LIECHTENSTEIN Listen For centuries, this tiny Alpine country, founded in 1719, was considered the poor relation of Europe: situated in the Rhine valley, with Austria to the

efficient, and was in common use in Andorra until well into the 19th century, long after the blast furnace had become the standard method of smelting in the neighbouring countries. The economy was dominated [...] figure. The Rossel Forge, which opened in the 1840s and closed in 1876 when the Andorran iron mines ceased production , is today a museum. The Areny family has also been active in the iron business since [...] French crown in the 16th century. In 1532, Andorra was granted freedom from customs duties. Until well into modern times, economic activity consisted mainly of sheep-rearing and forestry. Starting in the 17th