James McGuffog, a draper in Stamford, Lincolnshire, before spending time in the retail trade in London and Manchester. He was appointed manager in 1792 of a mill in Manchester in which 500 people were employed [...] of the Industrial Revolution, a successful and philanthropic factory owner, a pioneer of co-operation and a thinker who inspired socialist movements in many countries. He was born in Newtown in mid-Wales [...] at Orbiston in Scotland in 1825-29, Manea Fen in Cambridgeshire in 1838-9, and Harmony Hall, Queenswood, East Tytherley, Hampshire, in 1840-45. Owen withdrew from the New Lanark partnership in 1829, set

motors for industrial use. This began a revolution in mechanical power, in which designs were continuously improved and developed in many countries. Tesla developed small electric motors for use in domestic [...] n. He was born in the Austrian Empire and died a naturalised citizen of the United States. His father was a parish priest in the village of Smiljan, now in Croatia. He went to school in the city of Karlovac [...] Company in 1887 and set up a laboratory in Manhattan. In 1888 he patented the first induction motor that ran on alternating current (AC). The design was licensed by the Westinghouse company, which was developing

published in 1867. He maintained links with revolutionaries in many countries, particularly through the First International, formed in 1864. His analysis of economic history, that industrial capitalism [...] revolutionary rising in June of that year, about which he wrote an incisive pamphlet. He moved to London in the following year and remained there for the rest of his life, living in relative poverty with [...] it as stimulating, but his vision of a future in which communist revolution would be followed by the withering away of the state has materialised neither in those states that have adopted a supposedly Marxist

an entrepreneur and industrial spy who spread new cotton manufacturing technologies from England to Belgium and France at a key point in the early Industrial Revolution. He was born in Ghent, where his father [...] required the repayment of its loans and Bauwens was made bankrupt. He died in Paris in 1822. A statue of him was put up in Ghent in 1885 in the square named after him. [...] loans for his factories and set up more elsewhere in France and the Low Countries. He became mayor of Ghent in 1800. However, when Napoleon fell from power in 1814 at a time of difficult trading conditions

the chemist and entrepreneur John Roebuck influenced important developments in the British Industrial Revolution, particularly in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, iron production and the invention of the [...] acid, for which there was increasing demand. Roebuck developed a new method to make it in large lead-lined chambers, which was more economical than existing processes. He and Garbett decided in 1749 to establish [...] and taken up in other countries but Roebuck did not benefit as he had not taken out a patent. It continued to be used for two centuries. In 1759 Roebuck started an ironworks near Falkirk in Scotland that

university in Copenhagen. After fighting and recovering from injuries in the war with Germany in 1851 he decided to study iron casting, first in Denmark at Frederiksværk and then at Charleroi in Belgium and [...] Iron foundries and engineering works were essential to equip new industries in the industrial revolution. In Denmark, Søren Frich was an engineer who created an important iron foundry and engineering works [...] and finally Newcastle upon Tyne in Britain. When he returned to Denmark in 1853 he saw an opportunity to improve iron casting in the country and he decided to set up his own foundry. With money from his

near Minden in 1803. In Brandenburg they worked with the Lauchhammer foundry. At Kołobrzeg (then in Prussia and now in Poland) they made two engines for the salt works on the Baltic sea in 1806. Williams [...] who moved in the 1780s to the southern German state of Saxony to build beam engines. The first ever beam engine was built in 1712 by the English ironmonger Thomas Newcomen. The value of engines in pumping [...] mines in the Mansfeld area and to power the salt works at Kötzschau, Schönebeck and Teuditz. Beyond Saxony, they provided engines in North-Rhine Westphalia for the salt works at Unna near Dortmund in 1799

high schools before returning to the École, by which time he was fluent in German, English and Italian. He interest in Industrial Archaeology developed in the 1970s under the influence of the historian Maurice [...] of industrial heritage with international bodies such as ICOMOS and UNESCO. He was born in Strasbourg and studied at the École normale supérieure, graduating in 1951. He spent ten years teaching in high [...] Maurice Daumas (1910-84). He began to advocate in use of field evidence in the study of industrial and economic history, an approach that was then novel. In 1971 he was appointed director of studies at the

watches. In 1811, after making improvements to a pumping engine that was not working properly, he was put in charge of all the engines belonging to an alliance of coal owners in north-east England. In his thirties [...] Hetton Colliery Railway in 1822 and in 1825 the Stockton and Darlington Railway, which he designed from the start to use locomotives and wrought-iron edge-rails. With his son Robert in 1823 he set up an e [...] the world. Railways evolved during the industrial revolution from precursors in the Middle Ages. However, Stephenson’s Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened in 1830 is considered the first modern main-line

consequences of the Industrial Revolution in England, devoted much of his life to supporting and publicising the writings of Karl Marx, and was himself an original thinker whose ideas in the 20th century [...] r, and spent three years in the employment of a merchant in Bremen, before moving to a managerial post with the family concern in Manchester, one of many Germans who worked in the textile cities of northern [...] of the Working Classes in England", which was published in 1845. It reflects the anger and the guilt of a member of a mercantile family at the living conditions that observed in the most deprived areas

interest in folk lore. In 1872 he established a museum for Swedish ethnography, which has evolved into the present-day Nordiska Museet. After seeing the collection of buildings assembled from 1881 in Oslo [...] called Skansen at Stockholm, which has given its name to collections of buildings that have been scientifically removed from their original sites in many European countries. Hazelius was the son of a military [...] employment as a teacher. In 1869-71 he was involved with the production of a dictionary of the Swedish language that involved him in extensive travels through his native country during which he developed a lively

pioneers of the industrial revolution in southern Spain. He was an industrialist and entrepreneur who played a central role in the early industrial development of the region of Málaga. Born in 1786 at Rabanera [...] the wealthiest businessmen in Spain. In the last years before his death in 1846, his other industrial interests included the San Andrés lead smelter at Adra, Almería, which he developed into a successful [...] Gibraltar and made great profits by exporting graphite. In 1813 he married Isabel Livermore Sallas, the daughter of a British merchant in Málaga. In 1826, Heredia founded a company with partners to establish

his house in Redruth with gas in 1792 and in 1795 he demonstrated methods for producing and storing gas and gas lighting at Neath Abbey Ironworks in south Wales. In 1802 he installed lighting in the Boulton [...] key development of the Industrial Revolution - Murdoch devised the Sun and Planet Gear, patented in Watt’s name. In 1782 he invented an iron cement to seal steam engine components. In 1799 he patented the [...] the engine for Robert Fulton to use in the world’s first steamboat, at New York in 1807 and headed the production of marine engines for the company. While in Cornwall in the 1790s Murdoch experimented with

differences’. At first they worked in in Germany, particularly in the Siegerland, but in 1966 they made a lengthy tour of the industrial areas of England and South Wales in a VW camper van towing an aged caravan [...] the ways in which we all view the monuments of past industries, showing that ruins can have dramatic and aesthetic qualities. Bernd Becher was born in the Siegerland, Hilla in Potsdam. They met in 1957 at [...] exhibition in Munich the following year and subsequently worked in Belgium, France, Netherlands, Luxembourg and the United States amongst other countries. Their work has been displayed in exhibitions in many

leading British canal engineer in the early part of the Industrial Revolution. He was responsible for a network of waterways that became the arteries of Britain’s industrial regions and linked its principal [...] machinery and watercourses. In 1752, he created an ingenious solution to flooding problems at a coal mine in Lancashire, using a tunnel with an inverted syphon and a waterwheel pump. In 1759, he was appointed [...] arteries to transport the fuel, raw materials and products of industrial Britain. This was the 66-km Bridgewater Canal, completed in 1761, which carried coal to Manchester. He designed a stone aqueduct 180-m

of a foundry in Newport, Monmouthshire. In the mid-1850s he moved to London, then an important centre for shipbuilding. He became involved with the Millwall Ironworks, and was influential in developing iron [...] blast furnaces, from which the first pig iron was produced in 1872, as well as associated collieries, brickworks, forges and rolling mills. By 1914 it was the largest ironworks in the Russian Empire. After [...] largest heavy industrial complexes. He was born at Merthyr Tydfil where his father was an engineer at the Cyfarthfa ironworks. Initially he worked for his father, then at other ironworks in South Wales.

father and brother in a workshop established in Liege in 1807, where they manufactured textile machines. In 1815-6 he and his brother set up a successful woollen manufacturing business in Berlin, but returned [...] 1844. He died in Warsaw while returning to Seraing after discussing the prospects for equipping projected railways in Russia. In 1850 the Seraing complex was probably the largest of its kind in Europe, and [...] Petersburg in 1794, but after the death of Empress Catherine II was imprisoned. After escaping to Sweden, he settled in Verviers as a maker of textile machines. His 12-year-old son John joined him in 1802.

collar which made possible the efficient working of Bramah’s hydraulic press, and married Bramah’s housekeeper, Sarah Tindal, in 1790. In 1798 Maudslay opened his own engineering shop, initially in Wells [...] 1808, for refinements to the lathe in 1806, and for the table engine in 1807. In 1810 he moved to Westminster Bridge Road where he set up Henry Maudslay & Co, which became Maudslay, Field & Co, when he [...] machine tools that made possible the widespread percolation of engineering skills during the Industrial Revolution, and guided the education of many of the leading British engineers of the mid-19th century

starting point for a company involved in a wide range of industrial activities that is important in many countries. He was the son of a quarry master at Rebecq-Regnoz in Belgium. Ill-health prevented his [...] Cuillet near Charleroi in 1863, the same year in which he founded Solvay et Cie with his brother. In the 1870s the company became a global operation with the estalishment of plants in France at Dombasle near [...] university, instead of which he worked for an uncle at a gasworks where his interest in chemistry developed as he sought to find uses for the ammonia that was the by-product of gasmaking. In 1861 he developed

to the intellectual background to the Industrial Revolution in Britain. He was born in Burslem, North Staffordshire, in a region where pottery manufacture was already well-established, although the units [...] models on which some of his designs were based. It was probably the largest and was certainly the most logically-designed pottery works of the period, in which workers undertook only limited tasks in the production [...] Joseph Wedgwood was, in his lifetime, the best-known pottery manufacturer in Europe. He made many notable contributions to the means of producing high-quality ceramic wares, and, in a broader sense, to