at that time, England imported one third of its butter from Denmark! Before the outbreak of the First World War, agricultural products accounted for 60% of Danish exports, and industrial products only [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF DENMARK Listen Not many nations have succeeded in managing the transition from an agrarian to an industrialised society. Most of the European countries, such as Hungary, Spain [...] is most surprising: in terms of per-capita income, the Danes were just as prosperous before the Industrial Revolution! Perhaps this also explains Denmark’s extraordinary development path. As far back as
labour. Related Links WIKIPEDIA: Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution Textile History - Invention of Textile The Heritage of the Textile Industry. Thematic Study for TICCIH Sites of the [...] with their rows of spinning frames and thousands of rattling bobbins heralded the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But these mills also had a darker side to their story as most of the cotton came from [...] Cromford, and soon built up an empire and became one of the most powerful entrepreneurs in the industrial era. An alternative solution was offered by the spinning jenny, invented by a weaver called James
IMPRINT Listen Copyright and legal responsibility ERIH - European Route of IndustrialHeritage e.V. Dr Walter Hauser, President ERIH e.V. Office ERIH e.V. Christiane Baum Am Striebruch 42 | 40668 Meerbusch [...] United Kingdom (essay "Industrial Revolution", sites of European Theme Routes, biographies) Lorenz Töpperwien , Cologne, Germany (Achor Points, Regional Routes "Ruhrgebiet" and "Industrial Valleys", translations [...] Dokumentes in ihrem Inhalt und ihrer Gültigkeit davon unberührt. ['ERIH' - 'European Route of IndustrialHeritage' ® is registered as European Union Trademark] Since 2019 ERIH is certified as a "Cultural Route
ON THE DARK SIDES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: DESTRUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Listen With the industrial revolution, humans have set in motion an ongoing, seemingly unstoppable process of ecological [...] environmental damage caused by the large-scale proto-industrial operations of the Romans in ancient times: ore smelters, glassworks, potteries and industrial bakeries not only consumed vast quantities of firewood [...] north to Yorkshire and central England. Nevertheless, until the end of the 19th century, air pollution was largely accepted as an inevitable side effect of the industrial boom. From about the middle of
'My day at work', where ERIH site staff present their day-to-day work and raise interest in industrialheritage as a potential career option. Young Professionals also attend ERIH Board meetings as advisors
also used. In the second half of the 19th century, during the "second industrial revolution", chemistry became the leading industrial sector alongside electrical engineering. One reason for this was that [...] Production could now easily be increased by enlarging the chambers, and sulphuric acid became the first industrial chemical. Factories supplied acid mainly for pickling metals until demand exploded for bleaching [...] century, the first continuous manufacturing process was in place - a prerequisite for large-scale industrial chemical production. Soda, chemically "sodium carbonate", was also used for bleaching, but was
be discontinued. Priority will be given to members who have participated in ERIH projects (IndustrialHeritage Barometer, WORK it OUT, ...). Applications to participate in the exchange programme should
INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AZERBAIJAN The industrial history of Azerbaijan is largely a history of oil. Iron, copper and other ores also lie in the country's soil, but mining remained co [...] in glass manufacture ... more BELGIUM The industrial age of the European continent began in Belgium, where conditions were similarly good to those in England: coal had been mined in the valleys of the [...] Although Bosnia-Herzegovina is a land of fertile fields and significant natural resources, its industrial development did not commence until very late. As in other countries ... more DENMARK Not many nations
ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF SWEDEN Listen Sweden’s long road to becoming an industrial nation followed a familiar path in that the process began with agricultural surpluses and a consequent population [...] the region centred on Borås and the expanding industrial city of Norrköping. Towards the end of the century, Sweden profited greatly from the Second Industrial Revolution, in which new sectors outgrew heavy [...] role: it enabled Sweden to finance its bid to become a major power. The earliest signs of a nascent industrial revolution appeared in the first half of the 18th century: entrepreneur Jonas Alströmer founded
of the 19th century, the Icelandic fishery reached an industrial scale. As an export product, salt cod was in particular demand, especially in England and southern Europe. The expanding fishery drove the [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF ICELAND Listen For a long time, this volcanic island was one of Europe’s poorest countries, as only a small portion of the land is suitable for agricultural use and Iceland [...] Iceland possesses virtually no natural resources. Thus, Iceland never developed into an industrial nation – the prosperity it achieved toward the end of the 20th century was due to the country’s booming services
from Rhodes in 1530 in the face of the advancing Ottoman threat. However, the Industrial Revolution, which began in England in 1767 with the invention of the Spinning Jenny, rapidly overwhelmed Maltese [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF MALTA Listen Malta and its surrounding islands have very little in the way of natural resources. Only the limestone, which is suitable for making cement. Additionally, the
ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF SPAIN Listen Spain could have become one of the earliest major European industrial nations, given that its mountains are enormously rich in natural resources. However, political [...] economy, Spain had, by the early 1970s, developed into a leading industrial nation. Related Links ERIH Link List WIKIPEDIA: Revolución industrial en España WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Spain World Atlas: The biggest [...] Medulas, cinnabar (mercury sulphide) in Almadén and silver and copper on the Rio Tinto on a quasi-industrial scale. Following this phase, mining went into decline for centuries. Only the mercury from Almadén
ON THE DARK SIDES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: INDUSTRIALISED GENOCIDE Listen The systematic mass murder of Jews and Roma and Sinti during the Nazi dictatorship in Germany is often characterised with [...] death" - and indeed the planned killing of some 6 million Jews could only be carried out using industrial processes. In the course of 1941, the Nazi leadership decided that the so-called "final solution" [...] approximately 1.1 million people died in Birkenau. The railway connection, which was essential for industrial facilities, was a decisive criterion in the construction of further extermination camps. As was
beneath eternal clouds of smoke. The largest industrial area on the mainland continent grew up at the end of the 19th century in north-west Germany. Industrial development along the Rivers Ruhr and Emscher [...] ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPES Listen It was only around the end of the 19th century, with the second wave of industrialisation, that exposed mining tips and soot-ridden workshops, endless [...] terraces of cheap grey housing and networks of railway lines began to merge into huge areas of industrial landscape. But for centuries before people had been shaping new landscapes: everywhere where valuable
productivity and a trade deficit with rapidly mushrooming foreign debt. Related Links Industrial and technical heritage on Kvarner WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Croatia World Atlas: The biggest industries in Croatia [...] ON THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF CROATIA Listen For centuries, Croatia was squeezed between the expansionist Ottoman Empire in the southern Balkans, their rival, the Habsburg Empire, in the north and the Kingdom [...] which disintegrated since 1991. Therefore, for completeness, please also read our articles on the industrial history of the other states that were formerly part of Yugoslavia. Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo
concentration on a small number of industrial zones scattered all over Europe, which – a common feature of that time – resembled each other more than neighbouring industrial centres of a single country. I [...] on, while new sites are booming. What is more, there is hardly any other ‚old‘ industrial sector that combines industrial museums with highly advanced facilities and handicraft with state-of-the-art production [...] very high degree of mechanization or even automation. European interrelations Solingen, Sheffield (England) and Thiers (France), the three most important European cutlery centers, have a great deal in common
ON THE HISTORY OF TRANSPORT Listen During the early years of the Industrial Revolution there was a radical change in transportation. The arrival of pounding steamships and steam locomotives gave a huge [...] transporting goods. In 1761, the Bridgewater canal was completed in one of the birthplaces of the industrial age, the British textile area Lancashire; from then on, the route supplied the booming city of [...] either side in order to drive the wheels directly. Stephenson also built the first railway line in England. In 1825, the Stockton and Darlington Railway was opened, and the subsequent railway boom resulted
the early civilisations of Mesopotamia and Egypt and in antiquity was already produced on a proto-industrial scale. Apparently, the people of what is now Hallstatt in Austria were the first to manufacture [...] Poland for instance, Lüneburg in Northern Germany, and a number of salines in Worcestershire in England. At that time salt refining became more efficient through the utilisation of large pans made of lead [...] corresponding to an invention of the French chemist Nicolas Leblanc, it was synthesized now on a large industrial scale from sulphuric acid, coal, calcium carbonate and salt. The process reduced the cost of cotton
prevent it from sticking together. With slight alterations, the machine went into commercial use in England thanks to financial backing by Henry Fourdrinier, a stationer of London, and is therefore, rather [...] it is comparatively expensive to produce. This invention initiated paper production on a large industrial scale. Factories were moved to areas where wood was abundant, especially the forest regions of
