rural Northampton & Banbury Junction Railway, and parts of the spectacular West Highland Line in Scotland. He built waterworks in Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen, and gas plants in Copenhagen and Moscow

produce a practical product for public use. Baird grew up at Helensburgh in Scotland and studied at the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College. He suffered from illness throughout his life and was

exporting them worldwide. Similar systems were made by other companies, such as Henderson of Aberdeen, Scotland. They became common in mines, quarries and construction projects for minerals and waste. Ropeways

Liverpool, for which he produced a 60-page guidebook, and the following year he arranged a tour to Scotland. Cook had competitors in the organisation of excursions in the 1850s, including Henry R Marcus and

on billions of vehicles and bicycles world-wide – the pneumatic tyre. Dunlop grew up on a farm in Scotland and studied to be a vet. In 1867, he set up a veterinary practice in Belfast that over the next

a member of the Society of Friends (Quakers). He had some experience of the textile industry in Scotland before he went to St Petersburg in 1817 with the twin objectives of establishing a cotton factory [...] the Finlayson name, and after two years when he acted as adviser to the new company he returned to Scotland, living in Edinburgh, where there is a commemorative plaque on his house. In its most prosperous

was born at Sydenham in south London. His father came from the Baltic states and his mother from Scotland. He studied engineering at King`s College, London, and was working on marine engines in France on

make patent vertical boilers. In 1898 the company built a factory at Newbie near Annan in southern Scotland, together with housing for their employees. Caroline Haslett was able to undertake basic training

Pretender’ to the throne, Bonnie Prince Charlie). The rebellion ended with the Battle of Culloden in Scotland. Many Jacobite soldiers were executed. Holker and Moss were imprisoned in London but they escaped

transformed the coal industry in Europe in the course of the 19th century. He was born at Kilmarnock, Scotland, the son of a colliery overman. His family moved to Glasgow where he was able to study mining e

recovering in hospital he served as a tank driver on a firing range near Fraserburgh in north-east Scotland, and after demobilisation trained as a miner at Oakdale in South Wales. He married a Welsh woman

Alexander Keiller was born in Dundee, Scotland, to the family who successfully established the Keiller brand of marmalade, but he achieved success in another country and in other industries. At the age

well-made road surface: ‘macadam’, or later ‘tarmacadam’ or ‘tarmac’. He was born at Ayr in south-west Scotland. At the age of 14 he crossed the Atlantic to New York, where his uncle was a merchant. He succeeded [...] succeeded in business there but left after the American War of Independence and returned to Scotland. He managed a colliery and went into business with the Earl of Dundonald in the British Tar Company, which

coal-gas production and lighting. His father was a millwright and tenant of a corn mill in south-west Scotland. He attended local schools and learned about mechanics by working with his father. At the age of

Krummel near Hamburg in Germany, opened in 1865, at Hurum in Norway, established in the same year, in Scotland, for which the site at Ardeer was acquired in 1871, in the United States in 1866, at Sevran 16 km

in the Chorlton Twist Co, which in 1799 acquired the mills at New Lanark, on the River Clyde in Scotland, that had been built by Richard Arkwright in partnership with David Dale (1739-1806), whose daughter [...] Protestant George Rapp. In Britain unsuccessful Owenite colonies were established at Orbiston in Scotland in 1825-29, Manea Fen in Cambridgeshire in 1838-9, and Harmony Hall, Queenswood, East Tytherley

Midlands. In 1910 he became managing director of the Arrol-Johnston Car Company at Paisley in southern Scotland and Dorothée, aged 16, took an apprenticeship in the company’s drawing office. At the outbreak of [...] father as a light, compact car with good storage space. The factory, at Kirkcudbright in southern Scotland, was staffed by female workers and apprentices. Pullinger also headed an engineering college for

including the Rochdale and Lancaster canals in north-west England, the Aberdeen and Crinan canals in Scotland and the Royal Canal of Ireland. His maritime projects included commercial docks and harbours in [...] waters up to 20 m deep, and devised with Robert Stevenson the Bell Rock lighthouse on the east of Scotland, built in 1807-10. He pioneered steam-powered dredging and pile-driving and the use of diving bells

sulphuric acid, iron production and the invention of the steam engine. He helped to establish central Scotland as a heavy industrial region. Roebuck grew up in the city of Sheffield in northern England, where [...] It continued to be used for two centuries. In 1759 Roebuck started an ironworks near Falkirk in Scotland that was to become one of the most important of the era. He provided a quarter of the capital alongside

of numerous roads and harbours in Scotland, and was largely responsible for the engineering of the Caledonian Canal, which linked the east and west coasts of Scotland. In 1808-10 he paid two visits to