equipment, Jacquard began to invent machinery for weaving. The inventions were not fully successful. However, when he showed one for automating pattern weaving in 1801 at the Exposition des produits de l'industrie [...] the warp and weft in weaving and so create a pattern. The sequence of cards recorded a particular pattern and they could be changed to make a different one. This made hand-weaving much faster and more [...] punched cards to determine a textile pattern it was the first widely applied example of automation in weaving. Much later this idea of ‘programming’ was a foundation of computer science. Joseph-Marie Jacquard

develop fully mechanised silk weaving at Rüti. Staub was of particular significance for establishing in 1855 a charitable institution at Horgen to teach the techniques of silk weaving for the first time in S [...] factory of 130 Jacquard looms further down the lake at Burghalden. This was the largest Jacquard-weaving factory in Switzerland. Straub’s business experimented with new techniques but it struggled to compete [...] three-year course. The school continued until 1864 and set a model for the creation of a public silk-weaving school at Zurich.

1827, though Casper separated from him soon afterwards. In 1834 he opened a multi-storey cotton-weaving factory powered by waterwheels at Siebnen, importing 50 looms from Britain. He saw ways to improve [...] civil war he moved the factory and its workforce to Rüti in 1847. He devised improvements to silk weaving equipment and also built other textile machinery, machine tools, steam engines and turbines. By 1870 [...] years of manufacturing, 400,00 were produced by the company.) He opened a succession of further weaving and spinning mills for cotton or wool at Einsiedein in 1848 and then at Kottern and Kempten in Bavaria

clergyman, poet and inventor Edmond Cartwright started a revolution in the mechanisation of textile weaving. While his own machines were ineffective, other inventors developed his patent with important results [...] Arkwright, and that it was likely to grow even faster when Arkwright’s patent expired. As cotton weaving was with hand-operated looms they believed there would not be enough weavers for the yarn produced [...] industry. He retired to a farm in south-east England where he died aged 80. Although he proved that weaving by machine was possible (it was used previously only for silk ribbons), many refinements were needed

Jews like the Poznańskis. While still a teenager Poznański became a rag dealer and then set up a weaving workshop. At the age of 17 he married Leonia Hertz, the daughter of a wealthy Warsaw merchant. At [...] into manufacturing. He bought up land gradually with long-term plans to build a huge steam-powered weaving mill for cotton. He opened it in 1872 with 200 looms brought from Britain. By 1879 he employed over [...] further. He expanded it by stages, adding a dye works, a finishing plant, a spinning mill and more weaving shops, and nearby a starch works, a foundry and mechanical workshops. He bought a large estate next

high following a fire in 1859. Graah started weaving cotton cloth with a factory nearby at Bjølsen and in 1872 he expanded the spinning mill with a weaving shop. The factory buildings survive in new uses

significant figures of the early Industrial Revolution. His invention of the flying shuttle for weaving stimulated successive inventions in the mechanisation of textile production. Kay was born near the [...] boxes at each end, controlled by a chord in the weaver’s hand. The invention doubled the speed of weaving. It also made it possible to weave broad cloth with one person instead of two and to weave wider [...] affected. Nevertheless, the invention was taken up in the woollen industry and from the 1750s for weaving cotton. It was used across England by the 1790s and a century later in the vast textile industries

and was among the largest in France. He integrated production by building flax-spinning and linen-weaving mills 30-km away at Corbeil-Essonnes in 1810. He established his brother Frédéric with a canvas-printing [...] son Émile restarted it after the war. The printing works continued until 1843 and the spinning and weaving factory until 1894. The name Oberkampf is preserved in the Rue Oberkampf and metro station in Paris

Polish border but was then known as Braunau and was within the Habsburg Monarchy. Liebieg came from a weaving family and at 16 he was apprenticed to a weaver. In 1822 he set up a small wool trading business [...] In 1845, he opened a cotton-spinning factory near Velké Hamry that from 1855 was operated with a weaving mill. In 1856 he began another cotton spinning mill at Železný Brod and a worsted spinning mill at

years he opened a dyeing plant and a steam-powered weaving mill on the same site. By 1852, the factory employed 250 people. In 1859, Wahren acquired a weaving mill at Viksberg and began exporting to Russia

people. Since 1995 its buildings have been adapted to new uses, and a particularly notable north-lit weaving shed of 1877, named Plevna, after the Siege of Plevna of that year in the Russo-Turkish War, now

opened offices in Liverpool and New York. He founded over a hundred separate textile operations, for weaving, dyeing and printing cotton. Many of his factories were very large: the cotton spinning works near

Thornton. In 1838 he built a mill for spinning flax in Pottendorf. He also supplied equipment for weaving, aiding growth throughout Austria’s textile industries. His brothers followed him to Austria and

Bergen in Norway where he set up a company, Arne Fabrikker which operated Norway’s first mechanical weaving mill on the outskirts of the city. In 1844 he left Norway to gain experience of industry across Europe

, hospitals, kindergartens and schools, churches, a bakery, restaurants and a fire station. The weaving mill, fire station and workers’ settlement at Księży Młyn are preserved. Schiebler’s mansion there

Jacques Schiesser was born to a German-speaking family at Glarus in Switzerland. His father owned a weaving factory at Sirnach, where Jacques was trained. Jacques’ father died when he was 25 and he inherited

cotton textile businesses at Rouen to raise the standards of production there – one for spinning and weaving and one for calendering. He returned to Manchester to recruit expert workers. The new enterprises

had a workshop at Pafendal, on the east side of the city. Apparently, this had only hand-looms for weaving woollen cloth, but in 1835 they established a woollen factory nearby at Schläifmille, on the site

derived from exports. Much of its success was due to Carl Duisberg (1861-1935) a member of a ribbon-weaving family from Wuppertal who studied chemistry at the universities of Gottingen and Jena, and set up

iron ore quarries in Northamptonshire to collect fossils revealed by excavations. The Coventry silk weaving industry suffered severely after Richard Cobden’s treaty of 1860 allowed the free import of French