Italy Minett Tour The steel industry shaped the landscape, factories and blast furnaces rose, and workers formed an unfamiliar kind of settlements. more Regional Routes in the Netherlands Silesia Silesian
larger groups of workers were concentrated in so-called "manufactories". Although this also applied to textiles, it was more common in glass and salt production, ironworks and hammer works. In France, Royal [...] start, and the workers had to keep to a strict discipline despite the fact that the majority were still working individually by hand. The decisive element which turned the whole world of work on its head [...] been the pride of hand workers. Since expert knowledge was hardly necessary, employers now preferred to employ women and children whom they could pay less than men. The workers were ruthlessly exploited
trade in wine, fruit and cork developed, although grain imports were still necessary. The qualified workers and capital required for industrialisation were lacking. The fact that Portuguese foreign trade was
partitioning of this nation occurred during the decisive 150 years in which Europe’s first textile works, coal mines and railways were built. During those years, parts of today’s Poland belonged to the [...] cotton textile industry there starting in 1820 – with all the adverse side effects: exploitation of workers and dramatic environmental pollution. At about the same time, a major centre of heavy industry emerged [...] Katowice which produced extremely tough wrought iron, and succeeded in establishing a steam engine works in Gleiwitz. Also, the deposits of zinc ore around Katowice were quite significant. During the 19th
online "WORK it OUT" ERIH Dance Event 12 September 2021 ERIH Conference 2020 - Oberhausen (D) & ONLINE "WORK it OUT" ERIH Dance Event 13 September 2020 ERIH Conference 2019 - Berlin (D) "Work it Out" ERIH [...] The dark sides of the Industrial Revolution Slavery and colonialism Nazi and other forced labour Workers' misery and labour movement Destruction of the environment Industrialised genocide Stories about [...] Projects Brochure "The International Story" Presentation "Change with an Impact" ERIH Dance Event "WORK it OUT" Objects and Stories "Linking Europe" ERIH Industrial Heritage Barometer Exchange programme
the British in particular, who after the abolition of slavery in the 19th century, took countless workers from India and China as indentured labourers and deported them to colonies on other continents. In [...] labourers under certain conditions, but as they could not decide on the nature and duration of their work in the German Reich, their employment was considered forced labour. German authorities initially tried [...] at the end of 1916, not least on the initiative of entrepreneurs. However, most of them refused to work in Germany and the deportations were largely stopped in early 1917. The recruitment of civilians in
in 1968. In Nikšić, soon celebrated as the “city of industry, steel and beer”, a greenfield steel works was erected which grew to become Montenegro’s largest industrial plant. Lead and zinc ore deposits [...] 1947, grew to over one third of overall economic output by the 1970s and the number of industrial workers exceeded agricultural employment significantly. Yet Montenegro was still one of the poor constituent
ant role. The main cause was the ongoing abundance of workers. Colliery owners were able to attain higher outputs simply by employing more workers. For the same reason they were able to postpone any i [...] effective safety lamp, whose flame was screened off from the pit gas by an extremely thin wire trellis. Work underground remained highly dangerous and extremely dangerous to health because of the risk of explosions [...] high enough to allow this. If not, people had to push and pull the wagons. In British collieries this work was often done by women and children crawling on all fours. The loads of coal they had to push, weighed
the factory was located had its own housing estate for the workers, a kindergarten and the director’s villa. It even had its own electricity works at a time when the town of Luxemburg was still lit by gas
Russian workers. As a consequence, the Baltic republics felt threatened in their ethnic identity. Lithuania did not suffer from this as much, because it was possible to recruit factory workers from the [...] and forestry products: paper mills, breweries and Chayim Frenkel’s great tannery in Šiauliai. Metal works were also established, but even in Vilnius, trade operations such as tanneries and furriers predominated
interruptions, until 1992. The imposing factory buildings in Tresen, erected in 1870, and the associated workers housing are protected monuments today. However, this modest expansion was not sufficient to feed [...] the population: as late as the start of the 20th century, many Liechtensteiners were forced to seek work in neighbouring countries, or to emigrate. The key to the country’s subsequent successful economic [...] most industrialised countries in the world. Nevertheless, the majority of the workforce (62%) now works in the service sector: the financial services industry in particular has become an important part
Daugavpils, with Riga added in 1861. In the following years, the Russo-Balt Wagon Factory and machinery works were founded in the suburb Bolderai. Once the rail links to the breadbaskets of southern Russia and [...] large-scale reconstruction and industrialisation programme, as Latvia possessed a stock of well-trained workers and an infrastructure that was still relatively intact. As natural resources were lacking, Moscow [...] bind the Baltic more closely with the USSR at the same time through the mass settlement of Russian workers. Particularly in Riga, plant equipment and metalworking operations were founded: in 1947, the company
early on; and the powerful naval city of Venice, whose arsenals at times employed over ten thousand workers, began standardising components – the key prerequisite for mass production – for ship construction [...] tradition, become concentrated in the regions of the North. However, the productivity of the spinning works lagged dramatically behind that of the British industry. Later, a major industrial zone evolved when [...] remained the great exception to the North-South disparity. This city was home to shipyards and iron works, machine shops and vehicle makers. As a result,, Italy’s first railway was laid from Naples to the
from the furnace was conducted over the pig iron to heat it. At the same time it was stirred by a worker with a long rod to release the carbon into the air. The result of this "puddling" process was a highly [...] Foundries at Le Creusot in Burgundy. Like the glassworks, also at Le Creusot, and the older salt works at Arc et Senans, the symmetrically designed plant reflected the centralised industrial policies of [...] Charleroi. The German iron industry originated in Upper Silesia and the Saar region: other isolated works arose in the countryside, like those in Wetter in the Ruhrgebiet and Rasselstein, near Neuwied. But
like Samuel Colt, developed high-precision machine tools, which produced accurately fitting parts a worker simply had to assemble. The new machine tools quickly became a huge success throughout Europe, because [...] economy on the whole has mostly been overrated. In 1907 for example, no more than 2% of the German work force were employed in the military sector. In fact, most historians agree now that it was not the [...] behind it was again Fritz Haber and on behalf of the industry Carl Duisberg, Head of Bayer chemical works. As Haber kept on experimenting with various new sorts of toxic gases, the Entente felt forced to
that he wanted to look for a gas that was easy to obtain and could be used without any construction work. In September, the murderous effects of Zyklon B, a pesticide based on hydrogen cyanide, were tested [...] 1000 Jews at a time. Up to 90% were sent to the gas chambers at the railway station as "unfit for work". Already deprived of their civil rights, they were immediately stripped of their valuables, then [...] ovens to cope with the large number of victims, the engineer Fritz Sander designed a model that would work continuously with an even supply of corpses: a cremation conveyor belt. "Topf and Sons“ applied for
old pit waste, ruins of industrial buildings and opencast mining – the traces of generations of workers who have left their mark on the landscape. Reports by contemporary witnesses in the Rhondda Valley [...] amount of land. During the First World War, the AEG power company set up the Zschornewitz brown coal works in the east-German coalmining area between Leipzig and Cottbus; an early example of a gigantic, functional
empire in 1710, the first manufactories gradually emerged, such as the saw mill in Räpina, glass works at Põltsama ... more FINLAND Finland’s rise as a prosperous industrial nation is due primarily to
