after he went as an observer to the American Civil War. In Minnesota he met the German-born balloonist John Steiner and made an aerial ascent in a tethered hot-air balloon. Having taking part in the Austro-Prussian

migrated to Sweden from Germany. While in his twenties he visited London and attended lectures by John Theophilus Desaguliers (1683-1744), experimental assistant to Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1726-27) who

Blücher , in 1814 for Killingworth colliery. This improved on the earlier work of Richard Trevithick and John Blenkinsop to make a more reliable locomotive. In 1815, he invented a safety lamp for use in mines

capital. James Watt designed engines for them, Boulton & Watt supplied parts and the British ironmaster John Wilkinson supplied cast-iron water mains. Smaller pipes of wood and other engine parts were made in

1787 he found work in a mechanic’s shop in Stockton-on-Tees and two years later he went to assist John Marshall develop flax-spinning machinery for a new factory at Leeds. Murray patented inventions for [...] operation. The engine ran on the Middleton Railway at Leeds using the rack-railway system developed by John Blenkinsop. Trevithick’s locomotive on the Merthyr Tramroad in south Wales previously showed the potential

He brought equipment, a locomotive and expert workers from Britain, including the factory manager John Haswell. At the same time he directed construction of the steam-operated Vienna-Gloggnitz Railway

when techniques were developed to make chlorine as a biproduct in the Leblanc process. Tennant’s son John led Charles Tennant and Company for the next 40 years and it continues today.

(originally John James, 1747–1826). Stephens was born in Cornwall, England, where his father was a schoolteacher. At the age of around 15, after his parents died, he went to work with his uncle, John Stephens [...] south of Lisbon in 1719 and was relocated to Marinha Grande in around 1747 by the Irish glass-maker John Beare to use local supplies of sand and charcoal. Stephens expanded the works with finance from Pombal

happened during her own lifetime. She had many contacts with John Fletcher (Jean Guillaume de la Flechere, 1729-1785), vicar of Madeley, and John Wesley’s designated successor as leader of the Wesleyan Methodist [...] Maude, daughter of a wealthy family of Quakers at Bishopswearmouth, Sunderland. Her first marriage, to John Sinclair, ended with the death of her husband in 1737. She met Abraham Darby in 1745 and married him

suggested by the architect Thomas Farnolls Pritchard (1723-77) in 1773 in a letter to the ironmaster John Wilkinson (1728-1808). Darby took responsibility for construction at the first meeting of subscribers

many years of neglect. He was assisted by his son, Pieter (1735-1786), newly qualified in law, and by John Siegler, who had worked for 15 years at the arsenal at Douai. Verbruggen was responsible to General [...] American War of Independence. The technology that Verbruggen employed was surrounded in secrecy, but John Wilkinson (1728-1808), the leading British ironmaster of the time, and a manufacturer of cannon, gained

From around the mid-eighteenth century, the chemist and entrepreneur John Roebuck influenced important developments in the British Industrial Revolution, particularly in the manufacture of sulphuric acid

John Rennie was a leading millwright and one of the most prolific British engineers of docks and waterways in the Industrial Revolution. As either designer or consulting engineer he reported on over 200 [...] India. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society but turned down a knighthood. His sons George and John continued the practice after his death.

the present Euston station. Trevithick’s high-pressure steam engines were built at the foundry of John Hazledine at Bridgnorth, and one of them is displayed in the Science Museum, London. Trevithick’s

When he tried to improve his son’s tricycle in 1887, John Boyd Dunlop invented a product that is still in use on billions of vehicles and bicycles world-wide – the pneumatic tyre. Dunlop grew up on a farm [...] making tyres. Nevertheless, the name remained ‘The Dunlop Rubber Company’ and the brand still exists. John Boyd Dunlop himself lived in retirement near Dublin.

Russia and the United States. The process was introduced to Great Britain in 1874 at Northwich by John Brunner (1842-1919) and Ludwig Mond (1839-1919). The Solvay process superseded the method of making

The brothers Thomas Lombe and John Lombe together revolutionised the spinning of silk in England by building a water-powered factory. It was an inspiration to later industrialists, including Richard Arkwright [...] Arkwright. The Lombe’s silk mill owed its success to John Lombe’s industrial espionage in Italy. He died aged only 29, possibly murdered for stealing trade secrets. The Lombe brothers came from a family [...] family of wool and silk weavers at Norfolk in the east of England. John, the younger brother, was particularly skilled in understanding and making machinery. He began to work in the midlands town of Derby for

John Oliver York was a British civil and mechanical engineer who undertook construction projects in several western European countries. He was born at Birmingham in 1811 and studied in the office of a

John Holker is an early example of the significance of political refugees in the transfer industrial expertise between countries. He left England and made a new life in France, where he was responsible [...] workers’ colonies at Sens, south of Paris, and Bourges, in central France. With the help of his son John, who undertook tours of industrial espionage in England, in around 1770 he developed the production

inventors attempted to transmit still images or moving pictures from the mid-nineteenth century onwards. John Logie Baird, in the 1920s, was the first to produce a practical product for public use. Baird grew