James McGuffog, a draper in Stamford, Lincolnshire, before spending time in the retail trade in London and Manchester. He was appointed manager in 1792 of a mill in Manchester in which 500 people were employed [...] of the Industrial Revolution, a successful and philanthropic factory owner, a pioneer of co-operation and a thinker who inspired socialist movements in many countries. He was born in Newtown in mid-Wales [...] at Orbiston in Scotland in 1825-29, Manea Fen in Cambridgeshire in 1838-9, and Harmony Hall, Queenswood, East Tytherley, Hampshire, in 1840-45. Owen withdrew from the New Lanark partnership in 1829, set

tolerances in vertical boring machines. Maritz made solid castings, that were rotated by water-power in horizontal machines, in which the cutters were advanced through gearing by hand wheels. In the early [...] operations in cannon foundries, which have been published, are amongst the most important pictorial records of 18th century industrial operations. Jan Verbruggen played an important role in transmitting [...] to the entrepreneurs of the Industrial Revolution. His 3-story brick house of 1772-3 is preserved at the Woolwich Arsenal, and his guns are displayed in military collections in Europe and North America.

water-powered cotton-spinning mill, in which he had a 20% share, which attracted attention from all over Europe. The Cromford Mill site, which probably began to work in 1774, was powered by the Bonsall Brook [...] The mill was extended, and in 1780 Arkwright bought land for another mill complex powered by the Derwent itself. Masson Mill, as it came to be called, was built in brick, in contrast with the plain local [...] producing increasing amounts of cotton cloth. Arkwright took a close interest in the improvement of spinning machinery. In 1768 he moved to Nottingham, where he formed a partnership to develop the spinning

starting point for a company involved in a wide range of industrial activities that is important in many countries. He was the son of a quarry master at Rebecq-Regnoz in Belgium. Ill-health prevented his [...] Cuillet near Charleroi in 1863, the same year in which he founded Solvay et Cie with his brother. In the 1870s the company became a global operation with the estalishment of plants in France at Dombasle near [...] university, instead of which he worked for an uncle at a gasworks where his interest in chemistry developed as he sought to find uses for the ammonia that was the by-product of gasmaking. In 1861 he developed

father and brother in a workshop established in Liege in 1807, where they manufactured textile machines. In 1815-6 he and his brother set up a successful woollen manufacturing business in Berlin, but returned [...] 1844. He died in Warsaw while returning to Seraing after discussing the prospects for equipping projected railways in Russia. In 1850 the Seraing complex was probably the largest of its kind in Europe, and [...] Petersburg in 1794, but after the death of Empress Catherine II was imprisoned. After escaping to Sweden, he settled in Verviers as a maker of textile machines. His 12-year-old son John joined him in 1802.

brother to the dukedom, after his death in the same year as that of their father. His interests as a young man were in gaming and horse-racing, but during his Grand Tour in 1753-55 he diverted from the usual [...] completed in 1761, was built from Worsley, where it connected with navigable levels through underground coal workings, to Castlefields in Manchester. It was extended to the River Mersey at Runcorn in 1772, [...] when the Manchester Ship Canal was built in 1893. The aqueduct and the coal workings, which were served by a 73 km underground canal system of waterways on which there was an inclined plane of 1795-6, were

consequences of the Industrial Revolution in England, devoted much of his life to supporting and publicising the writings of Karl Marx, and was himself an original thinker whose ideas in the 20th century [...] r, and spent three years in the employment of a merchant in Bremen, before moving to a managerial post with the family concern in Manchester, one of many Germans who worked in the textile cities of northern [...] of the Working Classes in England", which was published in 1845. It reflects the anger and the guilt of a member of a mercantile family at the living conditions that observed in the most deprived areas

to the intellectual background to the Industrial Revolution in Britain. He was born in Burslem, North Staffordshire, in a region where pottery manufacture was already well-established, although the units [...] models on which some of his designs were based. It was probably the largest and was certainly the most logically-designed pottery works of the period, in which workers undertook only limited tasks in the production [...] Joseph Wedgwood was, in his lifetime, the best-known pottery manufacturer in Europe. He made many notable contributions to the means of producing high-quality ceramic wares, and, in a broader sense, to

the two brothers became partners in the Bersham works in 1774, while William had a 1/8 share in John’s ironworks at Snedshill, Shropshire. William left Britain for France in 1777, following a visit to Bersham [...] out his brother’s share in Bersham, but William received ?8000 in compensation. William Wilkinson never became a commanding figure in the British iron industry, but his role in transmitting new technologies [...] William Wilkinson was the principal channel through which British innovations in ironmaking in the 18th century were transferred to continental Europe. He was the son of the pot founder Isaac Wilkinson

of Latin. In early adulthood he worked in textile warehouses, on a farm, and as a seaman on a collier sailing from the Tyne to London, but in his 20s became increasingly involved in politics in a time of [...] of domestic textile workers during the Industrial Revolution. Bamford was born in Middleton 8 km north of Manchester, the son of a muslin weaver, a dissenter in religion, who was also a part-time teacher [...] memoir, Passages in the Life of a Radical, in 1840-1, and the memoirs of his childhood, Early Days, in 1849, but found it difficult to make a living, and was supported by a public subscription in 1846. He wrote

collar which made possible the efficient working of Bramah’s hydraulic press, and married Bramah’s housekeeper, Sarah Tindal, in 1790. In 1798 Maudslay opened his own engineering shop, initially in Wells [...] 1808, for refinements to the lathe in 1806, and for the table engine in 1807. In 1810 he moved to Westminster Bridge Road where he set up Henry Maudslay & Co, which became Maudslay, Field & Co, when he [...] machine tools that made possible the widespread percolation of engineering skills during the Industrial Revolution, and guided the education of many of the leading British engineers of the mid-19th century

machine in 1894, and completing a vacuum milking machine in 1913. The separator was used for various other industrial purposes beginning in 1882 with its application for processing fish oil in Norway in 1882 [...] the University of Uppsala, where he graduated in engineering in 1866, and received a doctorate in chemistry in 1887. After graduating he worked for a time in menial clerical occupations, and was for a time [...] having settled in Sweden in the seventeenth century. He was born near Orsa in the mining province of Dalarna, and studied at the Technical Institute (later the Royal Technical Institute) in Stockholm, and

figure in the ‘New Unionism’, playing a prominent role in the organisation of unskilled female workers. She sought public office and was top of the poll in elections for the London School Board in 1889, [...] Easter Rising of the previous year in Dublin, and for a time was a leading figure in the Congress movement advocating the end of British rule in the sub-continent. In the 1920s she was concerned principally [...] varied and eventful life, and for a few years played a crucial role in industrial history. She was the daughter of an insurance underwriter in the City of London, and was educated until she was 16 by a governess

published in 1867. He maintained links with revolutionaries in many countries, particularly through the First International, formed in 1864. His analysis of economic history, that industrial capitalism [...] revolutionary rising in June of that year, about which he wrote an incisive pamphlet. He moved to London in the following year and remained there for the rest of his life, living in relative poverty with [...] it as stimulating, but his vision of a future in which communist revolution would be followed by the withering away of the state has materialised neither in those states that have adopted a supposedly Marxist

interest in folk lore. In 1872 he established a museum for Swedish ethnography, which has evolved into the present-day Nordiska Museet. After seeing the collection of buildings assembled from 1881 in Oslo [...] called Skansen at Stockholm, which has given its name to collections of buildings that have been scientifically removed from their original sites in many European countries. Hazelius was the son of a military [...] employment as a teacher. In 1869-71 he was involved with the production of a dictionary of the Swedish language that involved him in extensive travels through his native country during which he developed a lively

Peter Jebsen was born at Broager in the Duchy of Schleswig in present-day Denmark, but after gaining experience in several countries became one of Norway’s leading industrial entrepreneurs of the nineteenth [...] globally recognised. He worked for a time in the textile industry in Hamburg, but in 1843 moved to Bergen in Norway where he set up a company, Arne Fabrikker which operated Norway’s first mechanical weaving [...] Fabrikker, now known as Dale of Norway, which manufactured Lusekofte sweaters and outdoor jackets. Jebsen also had interests in mining, in a glass works in Bergen, and in the development of electric power networks

differences’. At first they worked in in Germany, particularly in the Siegerland, but in 1966 they made a lengthy tour of the industrial areas of England and South Wales in a VW camper van towing an aged caravan [...] the ways in which we all view the monuments of past industries, showing that ruins can have dramatic and aesthetic qualities. Bernd Becher was born in the Siegerland, Hilla in Potsdam. They met in 1957 at [...] exhibition in Munich the following year and subsequently worked in Belgium, France, Netherlands, Luxembourg and the United States amongst other countries. Their work has been displayed in exhibitions in many

high schools before returning to the École, by which time he was fluent in German, English and Italian. He interest in Industrial Archaeology developed in the 1970s under the influence of the historian Maurice [...] of industrial heritage with international bodies such as ICOMOS and UNESCO. He was born in Strasbourg and studied at the École normale supérieure, graduating in 1951. He spent ten years teaching in high [...] Maurice Daumas (1910-84). He began to advocate in use of field evidence in the study of industrial and economic history, an approach that was then novel. In 1971 he was appointed director of studies at the

of a foundry in Newport, Monmouthshire. In the mid-1850s he moved to London, then an important centre for shipbuilding. He became involved with the Millwall Ironworks, and was influential in developing iron [...] blast furnaces, from which the first pig iron was produced in 1872, as well as associated collieries, brickworks, forges and rolling mills. By 1914 it was the largest ironworks in the Russian Empire. After [...] largest heavy industrial complexes. He was born at Merthyr Tydfil where his father was an engineer at the Cyfarthfa ironworks. Initially he worked for his father, then at other ironworks in South Wales.

an entrepreneur and industrial spy who spread new cotton manufacturing technologies from England to Belgium and France at a key point in the early Industrial Revolution. He was born in Ghent, where his father [...] required the repayment of its loans and Bauwens was made bankrupt. He died in Paris in 1822. A statue of him was put up in Ghent in 1885 in the square named after him. [...] loans for his factories and set up more elsewhere in France and the Low Countries. He became mayor of Ghent in 1800. However, when Napoleon fell from power in 1814 at a time of difficult trading conditions