of the dominant industries. Industrialisation also changed the ideological side of colonialism: in 1807, England banned the slave trade, and in 1833 it also largely banned slavery - not as the first, but

of the 19th century, a by-product of coking gave rise to a new branch of chemistry: coal gas. From 1807, gas lighting became widespread in England. First in textile mills, which produced gas on site from

bottomed boat with two huge bucket wheels and a steam engine, was launched into the Hudson River in 1807. In 1827 an Austrian forest engineer, Joseph Ressel, took out a patent on a screw propeller. This

with slaves, mostly from their colony in Angola. Since Britain formally banned the slave trade in 1807, Portugal still shipped more than 2 million Africans to South America: more than any other country

shipbuilding firms, operators of sugar refineries and tobacco factories also profited from this. In 1807, Britiain was one of the first nations to ban the slave trade. The navy sought to enforce the ban

against the resistance of the British, who tried to enforce the worldwide ban on the slave trade from 1807 onwards. But for the impoverished "mother country", besides sugar, coffee, tobacco and rum, it was