and paper industries. The number of factories had almost doubled by the beginning of the Second WorldWar, although most of these operations were small and the rural population continued to suffer high [...] from Idrija. By the 18th century, the mines and smelters, in operation since 1509, had become the world’s largest quicksilver producer. At about the same time, Hrastnik on the Sava witnessed the emergence [...] educational level and a great proportion of services. Related Links WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Slovenia World Atlas: What are the biggest industries in Slovenia Domžale. J. Oberwalder & Co. Straw Hat Factory
a common heritage" . The objectives of this campaign were, among other things, to raise public awareness of the values of the man-made environment (cultural landscape and architectural heritage), to highlight [...] heritage to the public. Links to tourist websites and other organisations will help to raise public awareness, attract more visitors and ensure ERIH’s cross-sector integration. The website will also act as [...] ERIH intends that the network will become a pan-European one, integrating partners from across the world. To this end, it will organise seminars and workshops to inform the wider public about the network’s
in Angola. Since Britain formally banned the slave trade in 1807, Portugal still shipped more than 2 million Africans to South America: more than any other country. It was not until 1869 that the government [...] long-overdue end to the era of isolation. Related Links ERIH Link List WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Portugal World Atlas: The biggest industries in Portugal Lisboa. Xabregas Tobacco Factory (Museo de Lisboa; J. Pedrozo)
became dependent on immigration. Related Links ERIH Link List WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Switzerland World Atlas: What are the biggest industries in Switzerland? St. Gallen. Bodensee Toggenburg Railway | Kubel
up with western Europe. But the radical reordering of south eastern Europe following the First WorldWar brought progress to a standstill: Hungary was partitioned from Austria and its sovereign territory [...] severe dependence on foreign capital and continuing rural unemployment. By the start of the Second WorldWar, industry had still not recovered to its previous level, the economic crisis triggered in 1929 added [...] plants in the area of Veszprém, financed by German capital. This trend continued through the Second WorldWar: Hungary’s economy boomed, particularly in the arms, chemicals and electrical equipment industries
link in this geographically arduous country. The expansion of food and textile manufacturing after WorldWar I was again financed by foreign investors. German influence steadily increased from 1934 on, with [...] over 20 % of Bulgarians live below the poverty line. Related Links WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Bulgaria World Atlas: What are the biggest industries in Bulgaria? Burgas. Harbour
small operations, and technical innovation played only a minor role. After the Second WorldWar and the subsequent civil war, recovery was slow. The transportation infrastructure was improved further using [...] became a part of the Greek state in 1913. The Greek campaign in Asia Minor following the First WorldWar ended in disaster in 1922, but triggered an economic boom. Forced to accommodate over half a million [...] of desperately struggling to catch up. Related Links ERIH Link List WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Greece World Atlas: What are the biggest industries in Greece? Piraeus. Basileiades Shipyard
casualty of the destruction of the First WorldWar and the subsequent breakup of the Habsburg Empire. Related Links ERIH Link List WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Austria World Atlas: What are the biggest industries [...] technical progress. However, industrialisation there brought with it a heightened Czech nationalist awareness and sharpened the conflicts within this heterogeneous country. In the territory of today’s Austria
in Russia, after Saint Petersburg. Prior to the First WorldWar, it was expanded with shipyards, in particular for the Czarist navy. During the war, mining of oil shale began in Kohtla-Järve, which ultimately [...] 1939 with the stationing of Soviet troops and the subsequent annexation by the USSR. In the Second WorldWar, Estonia successively fell under both Soviet and German occupation and suffered extensive destruction [...] full-fledged industrial settlement, and was for a time among the largest textile manufacturers in the world. As so often, railway construction provided the impetus for further foundings. A link from Paldiski
the rural regions only factories for foodstuffs and farming equipment thrived. After the First WorldWar, the diverse economic structure of the various regions weighed heavily on the reconstituted Polish [...] Prussian King Friedrich II, who won this territory rich in natural resources from Austria in the Silesian Wars, appointed experts who brought in state-of-the-art British technology. Coal mining in Silesia commenced [...] Black Friday 1929 triggered a new crisis. Related Links ERIH Link List WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Poland World Atlas: The biggest industries in Poland? Chorzow. Königshütte Ironworks
initial factory in Kayseri However, it was the more liberal economic policies following the Second WorldWar which truly established industrialisation. Initially, the government subsidised food processing [...] farmers, the country is now independent of food imports. Related Links WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Turkey World Atlas: What are the biggest industries in Turkey History of Istanbul: Economy Istanbul. Bomonti Brewery
Stockholm had the most telephones in the world. Sweden secured its status as a leading industrial nation in the first half of the 20th century. During the First WorldWar, Sweden’s unhindered industries supplied [...] industry now emerged with the companies Scania, Vabis and Volvo, followed by Saab after the Second WorldWar. In the economic boom after 1945, the Swedish Model, in which the state directs the labour and capital [...] capital, to get its debt under control. When Europe’s markets were plunged into crisis at the end of the war, the newly available investment capital stabilised the Swedish economy by supporting domestic demand
First WorldWar. Toward the end of the century, industrialisation finally reached the rural parts of Bohemia as well. Related Links ERIH Link List WIKIPEDIA: Economy of the Czech Republic World Atlas:
no more than half of Italy was industrialized by the start of WorldWar One. Related Links ERIH Link List WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Italy World Atlas: What are the biggest industries in Italy? Milan. Fratelli
labour was first used on a significant scale during the First WorldWar, when the German Reich employed nearly three million prisoners of war and civilians from abroad in industry and agriculture to replace [...] forced labourers. During the Second WorldWar, the Nazi German government used forced labour on an entirely different scale: more than 13 million civilians, prisoners of war from West and East, and concentration [...] millions of real and perceived political opponents followed. After the Second WorldWar, tens of thousands of foreign prisoners of war, Soviet soldiers released from German prisons and accused of treason, and
over production from smaller brewers which gradually ceased to exist. WorldWar II was a disaster for the brewing industry. During the war, many breweries interrupted production or started making low-gravity [...] a, the area between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, is considered to be the place that gave the world beer. As early as around 7000 BC, the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians and Assyrians cultivated grains [...] low-gravity beers. Unfortunately, quite a number of breweries decided not to resume operation after the war. The second half of the 20th century saw trends starting to gradually change, and this has continued
Related Links: WIKIPEDIA: Extermination camp The Holocast explained: Extermination camps Unesco World Heritage List: Auschwitz Birkenau. German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940-1945) Auschwitz [...] on Camp. Model of a gas chamber and crematorium (Bratislavská supa aus Bratislava, Slowakei, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons)
EUROPEAN THEME ROUTES ILLUSTRATE THE CONNECTIONS Listen Currently ERIH presents over 2,400 sites of all branches of industry from all countries, that are partly or entirely considered part of Europe from [...] company museums and sites that offer factory tours and industrial heritage properties on UNESCO's World Heritage List. As an introduction to each Theme Route, we present the history of the development of [...] that exposed mining tips and soot-ridden workshops, endless terraces of housing ... more Industry and War The origins of gun powder can be traced to China. There the oldest recipe for mixing charcoal, salpeter
In the 18th century, the neutral Danes profited first from the war between the great powers England and France and then from the American War of Independence; their merchant fleet grew to become one of the [...] that time, England imported one third of its butter from Denmark! Before the outbreak of the First WorldWar, agricultural products accounted for 60% of Danish exports, and industrial products only 10%. Processing [...] 1001 Stories of Denmark: Theme "Industry. From Mills to Computers" WIKIPEDIA: Economy of Denmark World Atlas: What are the biggest industries in Denmark? Holbæk. Knabstrup Brickworks and Pottery
